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In the swallowing reflex


A) muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food.
B) the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea.
C) the tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate.
D) all of the above.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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The enterogastric reflex begins in the stomach and ends in the small intestine.

A) True
B) False

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Because of their location,swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with


A) breathing.
B) swallowing.
C) both breathing and swallowing.
D) neither breathing nor swallowing.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Bile is composed of HCl,pepsin,mucus,and intrinsic factor.

A) True
B) False

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The main part of the stomach is called the


A) fundus.
B) pylorus.
C) cardia.
D) body.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Enlarged blood vessels of the anal columns are called


A) peritonitis.
B) hemorrhoids.
C) diarrhea.
D) flatulence.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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The pyloric sphincter serves as a valve that controls the movement of food between the esophagus and stomach.

A) True
B) False

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The chamber of the mouth between the tongue and the palate is the vestibule.

A) True
B) False

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The esophagus provides a passageway for substances from the larynx to the bronchi.

A) True
B) False

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Lydia is taking an antihistamine for her allergies and develops xerostomia.She has


A) a peptic ulcer.
B) hairloss.
C) bad breath.
D) dry mouth.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Gastrin,which stomach cells secrete,


A) inhibits production of hydrochloric acid.
B) increases secretion by the gastric glands.
C) changes pepsin into pepsinogen.
D) contracts the stomach.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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Hepatitis C is not transmissible


A) by sharing razors.
B) from mother to baby.
C) from uncooked meats.
D) from a blood transfusion.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Bile salts aid the absorption of _________ vitamins.

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The liver


A) forms glucose from noncarbohydrates.
B) stores vitamin C
C) produces red blood cells.
D) secretes chymotrypsin.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Pancreatic fluid contains a high concentration of ______ ______,which makes it alkaline.

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Changes in the mouth associated with aging include


A) overgrowth of gums.
B) thinning enamel.
C) thinning cementum.
D) shrinking dentin.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Bile salts function like detergents in that they ___________ fat globules.


A) emulsify
B) coagulate
C) digest
D) liquefy

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Gallstones are usually composed of


A) calcium salts.
B) uric acid.
C) cholesterol.
D) bile pigments.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The process by which bile breaks down fat globules into smaller droplets is ______.

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Intrinsic factor is necessary for the normal absorption of ______ ______ from the small intestine.

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