Question 1

What is not removed from the body via the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)   uric acid
B)   salt
C)   feces
D)   bicarbonate
E)   ureaF) A) and B)
G) A) and E) C

Question 2

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)   the kidney stores glucose as glycogen.
B)   kidney cells require glucose because energy is needed for active transport.
C)   glucose is reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.
D)   glucose is converted to amino acids in the kidney.
E)   glucose molecules are too large to pass through the loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) .F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 3

Currently,the one year survival rate following a kidney transplant is 95-98%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

List,in order,the structures of the nephron that will be involved in the formation of urine.

Accepted Answer

Glomerular capsule (Bowman capsule)- proximal convoluted tubule - loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)- distal convoluted tubule - collecting ducts

Question 5

How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   Urine cannot since the process is passive diffusion.
B)   Reabsorption of water in the loop of the nephron and collecting ducts leaves behind a more concentrated urine.
C)   All stages in the kidney involve active transport.
D)   Urine can be hypertonic for small molecules if it is hypotonic for an equal number of big molecules.
E)   The whole nephron is impermeable to water.F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The concentration of protein in the blood is higher in postglomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because

Accepted Answer

A)   protein is digested in glomerular (Bowman's)  capsule.
B)   the kidney manufactures protein.
C)   reabsorption of protein occurs.
D)   as water passes into the capsule, the concentration of protein in the blood will increase.
E)   water is a small molecule.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 7

An antibiotic such as penicillin that is taken orally is soon excreted in the urine.Since infections last for a short period of time,what is the best strategy for overcoming this continual loss?

Accepted Answer

A)   Provide another oral medication that stops cellular metabolism.
B)   Provide a medication that prevents the filtration of all metabolites in the kidney.
C)   Take a much larger single dose of penicillin.
D)   Take continual doses of penicillin sufficient to maintain it in the bloodstream.
E)   Provide a medication that prevents all reabsorption in the kidneys.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Normally,concentrations of wastes,such as urea,are

Accepted Answer

A)   high in urine in comparison to plasma.
B)   high in the filtrate but low in urine.
C)   in trace amounts in urine but are high in blood.
D)   not in the filtrate but are present in low concentrations in the urine.
E)   only found in the excretory organs where they originate from metabolism.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

Urethra and bladder infections are easily treated with antibiotics,but even simple kidney infections are much more difficult to treat.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In the kidney mechanism for buffering the acidity of the blood,when would hydrogen ions be excreted and bicarbonate ions be reabsorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)   only when the lung system is not working
B)   when the blood is acidic
C)   when the blood is basic
D)   when the blood is neutral pH, which is not normal
E)   The kidney never excretes or reabsorbs hydrogen and bicarbonate ions.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

Accepted Answer

A)   urethra.
B)   ureter.
C)   collecting duct.
D)   proximal convoluted tubule.
E)   loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) .F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called

Accepted Answer

A)   urethritis.
B)   kidneyitis.
C)   cystitis.
D)   nephritis.
E)   prostatitis.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Which mechanism used to form urine,requires a high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerular filtration
B)   tubular reabsorption
C)   tubular secretion
D)   phagocytosis
E)   countercurrent mechanismF) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps (processes) involved in urine formation?

Accepted Answer

A)   glomerular filtration
B)   tubular reabsorption
C)   creatinine production
D)   tubular secretion
E)   filtration of small molecules into glomerular filtrateF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia
B)   urea
C)   uric acid
D)   creatinine
E)   bile pigmentsF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Since the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs molecules by diffusion,what structure would you expect to find at the microscopic level?

Accepted Answer

A)   microvilli to increase surface area
B)   smooth muscle to stretch as the volume inside increases
C)   numerous mitochondria to allow active transport
D)   loose connective tissue so that liquids can pass through the cells
E)   many neurons to stimulate the cells to reabsorbF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)   before the glomerulus
B)   after passing through the glomerulus but before reaching the loop of nephron
C)   after the loop of nephron
D)   Blood remains equally viscous at all points in the human body including the kidney nephrons.
E)   in the renal veinF) D) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 18

What capillaries are enclosed by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)   peritubular
B)   glomerular
C)   loop of nephron (loop of Henle) 
D)   collecting tubule
E)   pulmonaryF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

The cells of the distal convoluted tubules have numerous mitochondria to support active transport.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true about ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)   It increases the permeability of the collecting duct.
B)   ADH increases water reabsorption.
C)   ADH decreases urine volume.
D)   It is secreted by the adrenal gland.
E)   Hot sweaty days will cause more ADH release.F) All of the above
G) C) and D) D

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

What is not removed from the body via the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Glucose is found in glomerular filtrate but NOT in the urine because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Currently,the one year survival rate following a kidney transplant is 95-98%.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List,in order,the structures of the nephron that will be involved in the formation of urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedGlomerular capsule (Bowman capsule)- proximal convoluted tubule - loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)- distal convoluted tubule - collecting ducts

How can urine contain a higher concentration of wastes (be hypertonic) than the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The concentration of protein in the blood is higher in postglomerular blood as compared with that in arterial blood because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antibiotic such as penicillin that is taken orally is soon excreted in the urine.Since infections last for a short period of time,what is the best strategy for overcoming this continual loss?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normally,concentrations of wastes,such as urea,are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urethra and bladder infections are easily treated with antibiotics,but even simple kidney infections are much more difficult to treat.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the kidney mechanism for buffering the acidity of the blood,when would hydrogen ions be excreted and bicarbonate ions be reabsorbed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urinary tract infections that involve the bladder are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which mechanism used to form urine,requires a high blood pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the steps (processes) involved in urine formation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs molecules by diffusion,what structure would you expect to find at the microscopic level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What capillaries are enclosed by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cells of the distal convoluted tubules have numerous mitochondria to support active transport.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about ADH?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Glomerular capsule (Bowman capsule)- proximal convoluted tubule - loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)- distal convoluted tubule - collecting ducts

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D