Question 1

Why do physicians prescribe diuretic drugs to patients with high blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the more fluid and watery blood is easier to pump.
B)   Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and decrease the blood volume that must be pumped.
C)   Diuretic drugs decrease urine flow and the kidney does not have to work as hard.
D)   Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and the loss of nitrogenous wastes helps the heart.
E)   Diuretic drugs increase urine flow and salt loss. Salt is bad for the heart.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)   All three remain in the bloodstream.
B)   All three pass across to the glomerular capsule and are excreted in urine.
C)   All three pass across to the glomerular capsule but the salt ions are mostly reabsorbed.
D)   Albumin remains in the blood, salt ions and urea are passed across and excreted.
E)   Albumin remains in the blood, salt ions pass across but are reabsorbed, and the urea is passed across and excreted.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Describe the four major functions of the urinary system.

Accepted Answer

1.Excretion of metabolic wastes.The kidn...

Question 4

The kidney has three regions: the renal pelvis,the renal atria,and the renal ventricle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Nitrogenous wastes are produced by

Accepted Answer

A)   the breakdown of complex sugars.
B)   salts that are not incorporated in cellular metabolism.
C)   production of proteins.
D)   breakdown of proteins.
E)   production of nucleic acids.F) All of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following would be an indication of kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

A)   urea in the urine
B)   salts in the urine
C)   uric acid in the urine
D)   large amount of protein in the urine
E)   dilute urineF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 7

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)   monitoring and maintaining blood pH at about 7.4
B)   regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood
C)   elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea, uric acid, and creatinine
D)   hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels
E)   production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3) F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Deamination of amino acids will result initially in the formation of

Accepted Answer

A)   ammonia.
B)   urea.
C)   glucose.
D)   creatinine.
E)   uric acid.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Which of the following is a non-filterable component of the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   urea
B)   glucose
C)   amino acids
D)   albumin
E)   sodium chlorideF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 10

"Artificial kidneys" do not function in all respects like a natural kidney.What is one inherent problem and what is its practical solution?

Accepted Answer

A)   Artificial systems are less efficient; run the artificial kidney 24 hours a day.
B)   Artificial kidneys are complex and must be operated at hospitals; train home care nurses.
C)   Dialysis uses passive diffusion and some kidney functions require selective active transport; restrict diet to limit the variety of waste molecules.
D)   Artificial kidneys treat the blood directly requiring IV tubing, etc.; invent an alternative to avoid the bloodstream.
E)   Blood coagulates any time it leaves the body; dilute the blood.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

A)   prostate enlargement-decreased urethral flow
B)   cystitis-bladder infection
C)   pyelonephritis-urethral infection
D)   uremia-nephron damage
E)   kidney stones-granules in the renal pelvisF) B) and C)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

It is advantageous to have a bladder because it

Accepted Answer

A)   helps with defecation.
B)   is a place where white cells attack bacteria.
C)   stores urine to prevent constant urination.
D)   transports urine to the outside of the body.
E)   filters wastes and recycles nutrients back into the bloodstream.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer,but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the

Accepted Answer

A)   renal cortex.
B)   renal medulla.
C)   glomerulus.
D)   renal pelvis.
E)   nephron.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 15

On average,a healthy adult human produces 10-20 liters of urine per day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The buildup of the products of nucleic acid metabolism can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   gout.
B)   creatinine.
C)   erythropoietin.
D)   renal failure.
E)   urethritis.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

How many openings does the bladder have?

Accepted Answer

A)   one
B)   two
C)   three
D)   four
E)   fiveF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 18

The inner layer of the glomerular capsule is composed of renocytes that have long cytoplasmic extensions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Accepted Answer

A)   lower blood pressure.
B)   lower blood volume.
C)   convert angiotensin II into angiotensin I.
D)   inhibit aldosterone secretion.
E)   increase blood pressure for homeostasis.F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Jackie's ankles are very swollen at night after work.When she went to the doctor about the problem,the doctor requested a urine specimen.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   Edema could be a sign of kidney failure. A urine sample might contain protein or urea.
B)   Jackie is probably drinking too much water and the doctor can see this because the urine will be very dilute.
C)   Jackie probably stands all day long and this prevents the urinary system from working correctly.
D)   Edema is a sign of kidney stones and the doctor is looking for small stones in the urine.
E)   Edema could be a sign of an inactive bladder. The doctor wants to see if Jackie is capable of urinating.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

The inner layer of the glomerular capsule is composed of renocytes that have long cytoplasmic extensions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nitrogenous wastes are produced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The buildup of the products of nucleic acid metabolism can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a non-filterable component of the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Deamination of amino acids will result initially in the formation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Smoking may increase your risk of lung cancer,but it does not affect the risk of bladder cancer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many openings does the bladder have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The portion of the kidney which is continuous with the ureter is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney has three regions: the renal pelvis,the renal atria,and the renal ventricle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be an indication of kidney failure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Artificial kidneys" do not function in all respects like a natural kidney.What is one inherent problem and what is its practical solution?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is advantageous to have a bladder because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the four major functions of the urinary system.

Correct Answerverified1.Excretion of metabolic wastes.The kidn...View AnswerShow Answer

Why do physicians prescribe diuretic drugs to patients with high blood pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On average,a healthy adult human produces 10-20 liters of urine per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jackie's ankles are very swollen at night after work.When she went to the doctor about the problem,the doctor requested a urine specimen.Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The overall effect of renin release will be to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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1.Excretion of metabolic wastes.The kidn...
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