Question 1

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Accepted Answer

A)   less water passes from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule.
B)   more water is driven from the glomerulus to the glomerular capsule than normal.
C)   more salt is reabsorbed at the proximal convoluted tubule.
D)   an increase in sodium ions causes more nerve stimulation and triggers urination.
E)   increased glucose in the urine increases its osmolarity and less water is reabsorbed by blood.F) None of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Which of these is the correct sequence of blood vessels about the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal artery  →\rarr→  peritubular capillary network  →\rarr→  afferent arteriole  →\rarr→  efferent arteriole  →\rarr→  renal vein
B)   efferent arteriole  →\rarr→  glomerulus  →\rarr→  venule  →\rarr→  afferent arteriole  →\rarr→  collecting duct
C)   afferent arteriole  →\rarr→  glomerulus  →\rarr→  efferent arteriole  →\rarr→  peritubular capillary network  →\rarr→  venule  →\rarr→  renal vein
D)   afferent arteriole  →\rarr→ glomerulus  →\rarr→  peritubular capillary network  →\rarr→  efferent arteriole  →\rarr→  venule  →\rarr→  renal vein
E)   renal vein  →\rarr→ venule  →\rarr→   efferent arteriole  →\rarr→  peritubular capillary network  →\rarr→  glomerulus →\rarr→  afferent arteriole F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Ammonia in urine is NOT evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)   tubule cells deaminating amino acids.
B)   a mechanism to neutralize acidic urine.
C)   buffering of excess hydrogen ions in urine (NH3 + H+  →\rarr→  NH4+.) 
D)   the need to reabsorb more water.
E)   regulation of pH of body fluids. F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Urine and feces are both considered excretions or wastes.How do they biologically compare?

Accepted Answer

A)   Undigested food passes through as feces; urine is just unused or surplus water.
B)   Although they are processed by separate systems, feces and urine are bacteria-laden and unsanitary.
C)   Feces is undigested food plus bacteria that was never inside the tissue; urine carries metabolic wastes from cell metabolism but should be bacteria-free.
D)   Both feces and urine were molecules that were for a short time part of cell metabolism.
E)   Both are ways of excreting excess water from the body.F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 5

Which of the following is not normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   red blood cells
C)   nitrogenous wastes
D)   glucose and other nutrients
E)   salts (ions) F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the role of the respiratory system in maintenance of blood pH is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increasing the breathing rate rids the body of hydrogen ions because more carbon dioxide is breathed out.
B)   The respiratory center in the medulla oblongata increases the breathing rate if the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood rises.
C)   The lungs are able to rid the body of a wide variety of acidic and basic substances, thereby directly adjusting the pH of the blood.
D)   Breathing readjusts the proportion of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions in the blood.
E)   When the buffer system of the blood is overwhelmed by an acidic or basic substance, the respiratory center adjusts the breathing rate to compensate.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 7

The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is

Accepted Answer

A)   active transport.
B)   diffusion.
C)   heat transfer.
D)   hydrogen ion transfer.
E)   pinocytosis.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

The prostate gland in older men may block the flow of fluid in the

Accepted Answer

A)   ureter.
B)   urethra.
C)   collecting tubule.
D)   proximal convoluted tubule.
E)   renal vein.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 9

There is an osmotic gradient within the tissues of the renal medulla: the concentration of salt is greater in the direction of the inner medulla.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

Accepted Answer

A)   returns material to the blood.
B)   filters material from the blood.
C)   makes urea.
D)   contains urine in its final state.
E)   reabsorbs materials not to be excreted.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following should not normally contain urine?

Accepted Answer

A)   renal artery
B)   kidney
C)   ureter
D)   urethra
E)   bladderF) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

Damage to the nephrons can lead to uremia,which is characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)   blood cells in the urine.
B)   urea in the blood.
C)   edema.
D)   ionic imbalance.
E)   excessive urine.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions,creatinine,and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule.How are these molecules moved across?

Accepted Answer

A)   fluid pressure similar to what happens in the glomerulus
B)   passive diffusion
C)   osmosis
D)   active transport
E)   reverse reabsorptionF) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a metabolic waste?

Accepted Answer

A)   CO2 formed by cellular respiration
B)   urea formed during amino acid metabolism
C)   creatinine formed in the muscles
D)   fiber that's not absorbed from the digestive tract
E)   renin from the kidneysF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

The wall of the ureter has three layers,an inner mucosa,a smooth muscle layer,and an outer fibrous coat of connective tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One morning when Jon is urinating,he experiences an incredible stabbing pain in his groin.What is most likely causing this pain?

Accepted Answer

A)   a bladder infection
B)   kidney failure
C)   inflammation of the urethra
D)   bladder cancer
E)   a kidney stone, perhaps stuck in the urethraF) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 17

If the blood is alkaline,

Accepted Answer

A)   more hydrogen ions and bicarbonate ions are excreted.
B)   less hydrogen ions and more bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed.
C)   less hydrogen ions are excreted and less bicarbonate are reabsorbed.
D)   the kidneys reabsorb increased amounts of water.
E)   the diet must be low in necessary acids.F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Urinary tract infections confined to the urethra are called

Accepted Answer

A)   urethritis.
B)   kidneyitis.
C)   cystitis.
D)   nephritis.
E)   prostatitis.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 19

Nervous control of urination involves what mechanism(s) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   The brain determines need for urination from an internal clock.
B)   Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder directly send impulses to the sphincters to cause urination.
C)   Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder send impulses to the spine causing a urinary reflex but the brain can delay the reflex.
D)   Stretch receptors in the urinary bladder directly send impulses to the brain that consciously decides to stimulate sphincters to relax.
E)   Chemical receptors in the bladder detect urine concentration and trigger a reflex action.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 20

The loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

Accepted Answer

A)   is necessary for glucose reabsorption.
B)   creates a low osmotic pressure in the medulla.
C)   creates a high osmotic pressure in the medulla.
D)   creates a low osmotic pressure in the cortex.
E)   creates a high osmotic pressure in the cortex.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule

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The loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

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Which of the following statements about the role of the respiratory system in maintenance of blood pH is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patients with diabetes mellitus have frequent urination and increased thirst because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tubular secretion allows hydrogen ions,creatinine,and penicillin to be excreted in the distal convoluted tubule.How are these molecules moved across?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urine and feces are both considered excretions or wastes.How do they biologically compare?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damage to the nephrons can lead to uremia,which is characterized by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the blood is alkaline,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Urinary tract infections confined to the urethra are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There is an osmotic gradient within the tissues of the renal medulla: the concentration of salt is greater in the direction of the inner medulla.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Nervous control of urination involves what mechanism(s) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these is the correct sequence of blood vessels about the nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prostate gland in older men may block the flow of fluid in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following should not normally contain urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonia in urine is NOT evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One morning when Jon is urinating,he experiences an incredible stabbing pain in his groin.What is most likely causing this pain?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The wall of the ureter has three layers,an inner mucosa,a smooth muscle layer,and an outer fibrous coat of connective tissue.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a metabolic waste?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not normally found in the glomerular filtrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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