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Noncumulative quantity discounts refer to


A) discounts that are based on a series of orders rather than on the size of an individual order.
B) one-time discounts per customer or household.
C) one-time discounts that must be used within a certain time frame or they become null and void.
D) discounts used to place new products on supermarket shelves.
E) discounts that are based on the size of an individual purchase order, rather than a series of orders.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Swedish company Asko,which prides itself on manufacturing and marketing some of the best-built and most expensive appliances in the world,would probably use which competition-oriented pricing approach?


A) customary pricing
B) above-market pricing
C) loss-leader pricing
D) at-market pricing
E) below-market pricing

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a form of flexible pricing?


A) odd-even pricing
B) yield management pricing
C) above-, at-, or below-market pricing
D) target pricing
E) cost-plus pricing

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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skimming pricing policy is likely to be most effective when: (1) enough customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price; (2) when the high initial price does not attract competitors; (3) customers interpret high price as signifying high quality; and (4) __________.


A) consumers tend to be price sensitive
B) lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing sales volume and reducing unit costs
C) a lower price will significantly reduce unit costs
D) it will be easier to set measurable sales unit goals
E) consumers perceive the product to be similar to other products on the market

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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  Figure 14-2 -Figure 14-2 above represents the four approaches to selecting an appropriate price level. C  represents which approach? A)  demand-oriented approach B)  cost-oriented approach C)  profit-oriented approach D)  competition-oriented approach E)  results-oriented approach Figure 14-2 -Figure 14-2 above represents the four approaches to selecting an appropriate price level."C" represents which approach?


A) demand-oriented approach
B) cost-oriented approach
C) profit-oriented approach
D) competition-oriented approach
E) results-oriented approach

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Odd-even pricing is most closely related to


A) retailers' perceptions of price.
B) wholesalers' markups.
C) a manufacturer's costs.
D) competitors' perceptions of price.
E) customers' perceptions of price.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Customary pricing refers to


A) a pricing method where the price the seller quotes includes all transportation costs.
B) setting the same price for similar customers who buy the same product and quantities under the same conditions.
C) deliberately selling a product below its list price to attract attention to it.
D) setting a price that is dictated by tradition, a standardized channel of distribution, or other competitive factors.
E) pricing based on what the market will bear.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is a cost-oriented approach to pricing?


A) cost-plus pricing
B) skimming pricing
C) prestige pricing
D) loss-leader pricing
E) bundle pricing

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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is standard markup pricing and when would it be used?

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Standard markup pricing entails adding a...

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can buy a General Electric dishwasher for $399 or you can buy a similar Bosch brand dishwasher for $989.Since Bosch uses its pricing strategy to project a high-quality product image,it is most likely using __________ pricing.


A) bundle
B) standard markup
C) prestige
D) penetration
E) cost plus fixed-fee

F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Target return-on-sales pricing refers to


A) adjusting the price of a product so it is "in line" with that of its largest competitor.
B) setting the price of a line of products at a number of different price points.
C) adding a fixed percentage to the cost of all items in a specific product class.
D) setting prices to achieve a profit that is a specified percentage of the sales revenue.
E) setting a price based on a specific annual dollar target profit volume.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements about geographical adjustments to price is most accurate?


A) In FOB origin pricing, the seller selects the mode of transportation.
B) In FOB with freight-allowed pricing, the buyer deducts the transportation costs from the list price.
C) Multiple-zone pricing is sometimes referred to as "spider web" pricing.
D) Basing point pricing seems to have been used in industries where freight expenses are only a minor part of the total cost to the buyer.
E) Geographical adjustments can be subject to government regulation if the firm cannot supply objective data (lists of mountains, rivers, weather conditions, etc.) explaining why those adjustments need to be made.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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two forms of cost-plus pricing are


A) cost-plus fixed-fee pricing and cost-plus variable-fee pricing.
B) cost-plus ROI pricing and cost-minus markdown pricing.
C) target return on sales pricing and target return on investment pricing.
D) cost-plus percentage-of-cost pricing and cost-plus fixed-fee pricing.
E) dynamic pricing and flexible pricing.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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movement from point B to point C in Figure 14-3A above shows


A) an increased demand for the product at a lower price.
B) derived demand.
C) that buyers see the product as a bargain and buy more.
D) that buyers become dubious about the quality and prestige and buy less.
E) a downturn in the economy.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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  Flexible Pricing Chart -Consider the flexible pricing chart above,which shows the results of a National Bureau of Economic Research study of 750,000 car purchases. The data indicate that some groups of car buyers,on average,paid roughly $105,$423,and $483 more,respectively,for a new car in the $21,000 range than the typical purchaser.Who are the car buyers in  B?  A)  women B)  the elderly C)  Hispanics D)  African Americans E)  Asian Anericans Flexible Pricing Chart -Consider the flexible pricing chart above,which shows the results of a National Bureau of Economic Research study of 750,000 car purchases. The data indicate that some groups of car buyers,on average,paid roughly $105,$423,and $483 more,respectively,for a new car in the $21,000 range than the typical purchaser.Who are the car buyers in "B?"


A) women
B) the elderly
C) Hispanics
D) African Americans
E) Asian Anericans

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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the cash discount terms for a $500 purchase are 4/10 net 30,the number 10 refers to


A) the percentage discounted if the bill is paid within 30 days.
B) the percentage increase in price if the bill is not paid within 10 days.
C) the number of days for which the discount is valid.
D) the discount in dollars per unit if the order is paid on time in 30 days.
E) the penalty in dollars if the bill is not paid within 10 days.

F) B) and C)
G) All of the above

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Experience curve pricing refers to


A) the method of pricing where the price of a product often rises following the expansion of costs associated with the firm's producing and selling an increased volume of the product.
B) the point at which profits double then double again as more consumers buy the product.
C) a predictive pricing plan based upon the knowledge that the prices will fluctuate in a predictable pattern within a given industry.
D) a method of pricing based on the learning effect, which holds that the unit cost of many products and services declines by 10 percent to 30 percent each time a firm's experience at producing and selling them doubles.
E) a pricing strategy that uses price estimates based upon the consensus of the salesforce and the firm's top management team.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following statements regarding a trade-in allowance is most accurate?


A) A trade-in allowance is a noncash exchange of one product for another of equal or greater value.
B) A trade-in allowance is an effective way to lower the price a buyer has to pay without formally reducing the list price.
C) A trade-in allowance is a cash-back payment when a more expensive item is replaced with a less expensive item.
D) A trade-in allowance is the return of money based on proof of purchase.
E) A trade-in allowance is a cash payment to a retailer for extra in-store support or special featuring of the brand.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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Summing the total unit cost of providing a product or service and adding a specific amount to the cost to arrive at a price is referred to as __________.


A) standard markup pricing
B) experience curve pricing
C) cost-plus pricing
D) product-line pricing
E) target return-on-investment pricing

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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some cases,manufacturers design products for different price points and retailers apply __________ to achieve the three or four different price points offered to consumers.


A) progressively higher markup percentages
B) different markup percentages depending how long the item remains on their shelves
C) above-, at-, or below-market pricing
D) approximately the same markup percentages
E) elasticity of demand pricing calculations

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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