Question 1

Data collection for types of correlation studies is generally

Accepted Answer

A)   longer than most qualitative approaches.
B)   shorter for prediction studies than for correlation studies.
C)   longer than most types of quantitative research.
D)   shorter than most types of quantitative research.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Shrinkage refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   lowered accuracy in a prediction equation when it is applied to a new sample.
B)   combining many variables in order to predict the most amount of variance.
C)   effects of unreliable instruments underestimating the correlation.
D)   a measure of the error found in a regression equation.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Jack administered an achievement test with an internal consistency reliability of .65. Jack should interpret this result as

Accepted Answer

A)   high internal consistency reliability.
B)   moderate internal consistency reliability.
C)   acceptable internal consistency reliability.
D)   low internal consistency reliability.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Qi's analysis indicated that for those students who took calculus in high school and then introductory calculus in the first year of University, grades were correlated r = .45. This indicates that high school grades and university grades are

Accepted Answer

A)   strongly related.
B)   independent.
C)   moderately related.
D)   mutually exclusive.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Which of the following cannot be a correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)   -.80
B)   0.0
C)   .72
D)   2.1E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Attenuation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   stating there is not a relationship between two variables when there is one
B)   lowered accuracy in a prediction equation when it is applied to a new sample.
C)   combining many variables in order to predict the most amount of variance.
D)   reduction of correlation coefficients when measures have low reliability.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 7

Regarding sampling, one strategy to facilitate obtaining accurate results when there will be subgroup correlations is to select a

Accepted Answer

A)   stratified sample.
B)   cluster sample.
C)   random sample.
D)   purposive sample.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Jamie found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .60 for his measure of spatial ability. Jaime's instrument

Accepted Answer

A)   shows high internal consistency reliability.
B)   shows adequate internal consistency reliability.
C)   shows minimally acceptable internal consistency reliability.
D)   shows poor internal consistency reliability.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

The criterion variable in a prediction study is the name for the

Accepted Answer

A)   the variable used to select participants.
B)   the variable that is predicted.
C)   the variable used to make a prediction.
D)   the independent variable.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Yeung reported a correlation of .70 between hours of exercise and self-reported stress-level in graduate students. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding this result?

Accepted Answer

A)   The two variables were unrelated in her study.
B)   As hours of exercise increased, stress generally increased.
C)   Her finding represents a moderate effect.
D)   Her results represent significant differences.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

The correlation that Kim found in her study between math self-efficacy and enrollment in advanced mathematics was r = .25. Her correlation can be described as

Accepted Answer

A)   weak.
B)   meaningful.
C)   strong.
D)   predictive.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

A Phi coefficient is used for

Accepted Answer

A)   rank level data.
B)   continuous level data.
C)   artificial dichotomous level data.
D)   true dichotomous level data.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

Kenji reported a correlation of r = -.85 between hours spent in community service and adolescent drug use. This finding suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)   there is no relationship between community service and adolescent drug use.
B)   the more community service one performs the more likely one is to use drugs.
C)   the more community service one performs the less likely one is to use drugs.
D)   Kenji has calculated the correlation incorrectly because he has a negative number.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 14

Joyce read a study that reported students' age was correlated r = -.68 with classroom management referrals. This correlation indicates as age increases,

Accepted Answer

A)   classroom management referrals are about equally likely to decrease or increase.
B)   classroom management referrals are more likely to decrease.
C)   classroom management referrals are more likely to increase.
D)   classroom management referrals are likely to remain at the same level.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following illustrates a correlational research topic?

Accepted Answer

A)   Do weight and number of days per week of exercise predict life satisfaction?
B)   Are there differences between men and women in life satisfaction?
C)   What are is someone with a high life satisfaction score like?
D)   Are there self-esteem differences in children from either families with or without high life satisfaction?E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Which of the following demonstrates the strongest correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.0
B)   1.5
C)   .65
D)   -.72E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Which of the following represents the strongest correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)   -.85
B)   0.0
C)   .35
D)   .65E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Laura is designing a study of the extent to which standardized achievement test scores in high school predict college GPA using a large dataset of 50,000 students. Which of the following potential problems is most important to consider?

Accepted Answer

A)   The sample size may be too small to detect a correlation.
B)   The sample size may result in a correlation that is practically unimportant.
C)   The variables require the use of a phi coefficient.
D)   The sample size may require factor analysis.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Of the following research topics, which is most likely to be a relationship study?

Accepted Answer

A)   The relationship between motivation and acheivement.
B)   The difference in minutes a day exercising between boys and girls.
C)   The types of exercise students engage in after school.
D)   The experiences of John at after school track practice.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 20

Computing the statistical significance of a correlation requires the

Accepted Answer

A)   mean, sample size, level of significance.
B)   mean and level of significance.
C)   level of confidence and sample size.
D)   sample size and mean.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Exam 8: Correlational Research

Jack administered an achievement test with an internal consistency reliability of .65. Jack should interpret this result as

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Of the following research topics, which is most likely to be a relationship study?

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Which of the following demonstrates the strongest correlation coefficient?

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Regarding sampling, one strategy to facilitate obtaining accurate results when there will be subgroup correlations is to select a

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The criterion variable in a prediction study is the name for the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the strongest correlation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The correlation that Kim found in her study between math self-efficacy and enrollment in advanced mathematics was r = .25. Her correlation can be described as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kenji reported a correlation of r = -.85 between hours spent in community service and adolescent drug use. This finding suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A Phi coefficient is used for

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jamie found an internal consistency reliability coefficient of .60 for his measure of spatial ability. Jaime's instrument

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attenuation refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Joyce read a study that reported students' age was correlated r = -.68 with classroom management referrals. This correlation indicates as age increases,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shrinkage refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following illustrates a correlational research topic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Yeung reported a correlation of .70 between hours of exercise and self-reported stress-level in graduate students. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding this result?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Laura is designing a study of the extent to which standardized achievement test scores in high school predict college GPA using a large dataset of 50,000 students. Which of the following potential problems is most important to consider?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Qi's analysis indicated that for those students who took calculus in high school and then introductory calculus in the first year of University, grades were correlated r = .45. This indicates that high school grades and university grades are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Computing the statistical significance of a correlation requires the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following cannot be a correlation coefficient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Data collection for types of correlation studies is generally

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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