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Exam 12: Plate Tectonics: The Framework for Modern Geology

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Question 61

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What does the plate reconstruction, with the Atlantic Ocean closed up, do to the apparent polar wandering paths for Eurasia and North America, and what can we infer from this?

A) It makes them coincide, demonstrating that the opening of the Atlantic was the cause for the divergence seen today.
B) It makes them overlap but they are still strangely curved, implying the poles have still shifted so continental drift doesn't solve anything.
C) It indicates that the poles drift counterclockwise with time, implying Earth used to revolve the other way.
D) It really indicates that, because opposite polarities attract, the curves became stuck together.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Question 62

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What is the cause of the magmas currently erupting in the Hawaiian Islands?

A) shallow decompression melting of a fixed mantle plume, with magmas rising through the NW-moving Pacific plate
B) flux-melting associated with subduction and a convergence between two sub-plates in the Pacific basin
C) shallow decompression melting along a mid-Pacific ridge, spreading NE-SW
D) shear melting associated with a mid-Pacific transform fault

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Question 63

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Why were Wegener's continental drift ideas rejected by many contemporary and later scientists?

Match the plate boundary with the appropriate phrase. -________ the west coast of South America

The Aleutians, Marianas, and Tonga Islands have formed from island arcs along ________ to ________ convergent boundaries.

What is the inclination of Earth's magnetic field as recorded in a recent lava flow near 59 degrees north in Yukon?

How did Hess visualize the deep ocean trenches (e.g the Peru-Chile trench)with their earthquakes that extended hundreds of kilometres beneath the ocean floor?

The Alpine Fault in New Zealand and the San Andreas fault in California are good examples of ________ plate boundaries.

Cooler, older, oceanic lithosphere sinks into the mantle at ________.

A ________ is a long-lived, stationary, magma source deep in the mantle, well below the base of the lithosphere.

Once a continent starts to rift it always breaks apart making a new ocean basin.

In the diagram below, match the letter of each illustration to the correct type of plate boundary. A)transform B)divergent C)convergent

Wegener's supercontinent that began to break up about 200 million years ago was named ________.

Deep-oceanic trenches are most abundant around the rim of the ________ ocean basin.

In general, seafloor sediments gradually thicken away from a mid-ocean ridge.

What are three mechanisms that at places contribute to plate motions?

What two major factors determine the width of the magnetic anomalies on the seafloor?

What were Wegener's three main lines of evidence to support his continental drift hypothesis?

What is the name of the chain of volcanic islands shown in the diagram below?

Plates are sliding past one another horizontally along a ________ plate boundary.