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Indicate whether each of the following statements about transfer pricing is true or false.When the selling division is currently operating at capacity, goods should not be transferred to other divisions within a company.A transfer price is the price used in making sales between divisions or other segments in a company.Most companies use a market-based price as the basis for setting transfer prices.The lower the transfer price is, the higher the profit for the purchasing division.The level of the transfer price affects the reported profits of the selling division and the purchasing division, as well as the company as a whole.

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When the selling division is currently o...

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Estes Company has two operating divisions, A andB. The following information is provided for Division A: Division B uses the type of product produced by Division A and has approached Division A about buying the product internally. Division B is currently paying $300 to purchase the product from an outside source. If Division A sells internally it can save $10 per unit in variable costs. Assuming that Division A has sufficient excess capacity to produce all of the units requested by Division B, which of the following is the lowest price Division A should consider for the transfer?  Unit selling price $350 Unit variable costs $200 Unit fixed costs $70\begin{array} { | l | l r | } \hline \text { Unit selling price } & \$ & 350 \\\hline \text { Unit variable costs } & \$ & 200 \\\hline \text { Unit fixed costs } & \$ & 70 \\\hline\end{array}


A) $300
B) $190
C) $260
D) $250

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Terra Company has two divisions, the Retail Division and the Wholesale Division. The following information was gathered for the two divisions for the current year: Assuming that these are the only divisions of Terra Company, what is the ROI for the company as a whole?  Retail Division  Wholesale Division  Operating income $2,500,000$6,000,000 Operating assets $16,000,000$36,000,000\begin{array} { | l | l | l r | } \hline & { \text { Retail Division } } & { \text { Wholesale Division } } \\\hline \text { Operating income } & \$ 2,500,000 & \$ 6,000,000 \\\hline \text { Operating assets } & \$ 16,000,000 & \$ 36,000,000 \\\hline\end{array}


A) 15.7%
B) 16.3%
C) 16.6%
D) 32.3%

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Marcy is plant manager for Diversified Industries. She and the managers of four other plants report to the vice president in charge of manufacturing operations. Three department managers report to Marcy. Select the incorrect statement regarding the preparation of responsibility reports.


A) Marcy's responsibility report should include a detailed account of the individual items for which she is personally responsible.
B) The vice president's responsibility report would contain information for Marcy's plant rolled together with that of the other four plants.
C) Marcy's administrative costs should be included on the reports of her three department managers.
D) Marcy's responsibility report should contain only summary information about the operations of the three departments in her chain of command.

E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

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Thanks to his firm's decentralization and use of responsibility accounting, Matt has more time to review a proposed new joint venture with one of the firm's business partners. What advantage of decentralization does this illustrate?


A) Encourages upper level management to concentrate on strategic decisions
B) Trains lower level managers to accept higher responsibilities
C) Improves performance evaluation
D) Motivates managers to improve productivity

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Cambridge Company has three divisions that all report to the Vice President of Manufacturing. Each division has two departments. On Cambridge's organization chart, there will be three lines leading to the Vice President of Manufacturing, one for each department.

A) True
B) False

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To avoid suboptimization, many companies prefer to evaluate their investment centers using:


A) Residual income instead of return on investment.
B) Return on investment instead of residual income.
C) Gross margin instead of contribution margin.
D) Sales instead of income.

E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

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If a company is unable to use market-based transfer prices, the next best alternative is to use a price:


A) Based on negotiation.
B) Based on variable cost.
C) Based on standard cost.
D) Set by senior management.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.Cost centers tend to be found in the upper levels of a company's organization chart.Managers of investment centers are accountable for assets, liabilities, and earnings.Responsibility reports are prepared only for the top level managers of a business because they are responsible for the business as a whole.Responsibility reports often show actual and budgeted revenues and expenses and the amounts of any variances.Responsibility accounting reports are arranged using the management by exception approach.

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Cost centers tend to be found in the upp...

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A responsibility report provided to a manager typically includes:


A) A list of all the items under the manager's control.
B) The budgeted amount for each item on the report.
C) The differences between the budgeted and actual amounts for each item on the report.
D) All of these are correct answers.

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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The concept says that managers should be evaluated on the basis of revenues and/or expenses they can control is known as the:


A) Management by exception concept.
B) Controllability concept.
C) Responsibility concept.
D) None of these.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Stephanie's responsibility report includes the salary and benefits of her secretary. Although Stephanie prepares a performance evaluation for the secretary each year, Stephanie's superior determines how much the secretary will be paid. This example is an illustration of the fact that:


A) Responsibility reporting systems are not perfect.
B) Managers sometimes are held responsible for items over which they have only limited control.
C) Control may be shared.
D) All of these are correct answers.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The Water Management Company has two operating divisions, the Service Division and the Irrigation Division. The company evaluates the performance of its divisions using the return on investment (ROI) measure. The following information pertains to the two divisions as of the end of the current year.The average service fee was $50.00 per unit for the Service Division, while the average selling price of an irrigation system was $5,000 for the Irrigation Division. The company requires a minimum return on investment of 12%.Required: Compute the return on investment (ROI) measure for both divisions and the company as a whole. Based on ROI alone which division had the better performance? (Round ROI measures to the nearest whole percent.) The Water Management Company has two operating divisions, the Service Division and the Irrigation Division. The company evaluates the performance of its divisions using the return on investment (ROI) measure. The following information pertains to the two divisions as of the end of the current year.The average service fee was $50.00 per unit for the Service Division, while the average selling price of an irrigation system was $5,000 for the Irrigation Division. The company requires a minimum return on investment of 12%.Required: Compute the return on investment (ROI) measure for both divisions and the company as a whole. Based on ROI alone which division had the better performance? (Round ROI measures to the nearest whole percent.)

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ROI measures:
Based ...

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Which of the following statements regarding responsibility accounting is not correct?


A) It calls for the preparation of reports containing detailed information regarding the performance of a responsibility center.
B) It is most effective in a decentralized business structure where many managers exert control over various segments of a company's operations.
C) It calls for the preparation of responsibility reports listing the budgeted and actual revenue and/or expense items over which the manager has control.
D) It requires top management to prepare a budget for the entire company and communicate that plan to lower levels of management.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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An important disadvantage of decentralization is that managers may engage in suboptimal behavior.

A) True
B) False

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The manager of the production department for Romulus Manufacturing has responsibility for all stages of the production process and does not have time to review all the operational details of his department. He has found it to be more productive to focus on the significant deviations from budget. This kind of management is called:


A) Management by exception.
B) Crisis management.
C) Controllable management.
D) Decentralized management.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Indicate whether each of the following statements is true or false.Responsibility reports prepared for higher-level managers have less detail than the reports prepared for lower-level managers.The amount of detail in a responsibility report should be such that managers can focus on significant deviations from expectations.The controllability concept means that managers should be evaluated based on revenues and costs they can control.If a manager is to be held responsible for a revenue or expense, he/she must have complete control over that item.A critical feature of responsibility reports is that they must be precise, even if it takes more time to prepare.

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Responsibility reports prepared for high...

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The research and development department of Apple Computers would likely be organized as:


A) A profit center.
B) A cost center.
C) A revenue center.
D) An investment center.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Prentiss Company is decentralized with three divisions. While all three division managers have responsibility for costs, only the Division Three manager has responsibility for generating revenues. Select the correct statement from the following.


A) Prentiss Company is not large enough to benefit from preparing responsibility reports.
B) Responsibility reports should be prepared for Division Three only.
C) Responsibility reports should be prepared for all three divisions.
D) Responsibility reports should be prepared for Divisions One and Two only.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The manager of Pearless Company's Toy Division is not satisfied with the level of return on investment that the division achieved this year. What can be done to improve return on investment?


A) Decrease the investment in assets
B) Increase operating expenses
C) Increase sales
D) Decrease the investment in assets and/or increase sales.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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