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Attentuation refers to


A) stating there is not a relationship between two variables when there is one
B) lowered accuracy in a prediction equation when it is applied to a new sample.
C) combining many variables in order to predict the most amount of variance.
D) effects of unreliable instruments underestimating the correlation.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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For each, consider the information the correlation provides. -Kevin's analysis indicated that in his dataset SES was correlated r=.25 with absenteeism. This indicates that


A) as SES increases there is a corresponding increase in absenteeism..
B) SES is moderately correlated with absenteeism.
C) SES does not predict absenteeism.
D) absenteeism is strongly correlated with SES.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Regarding sampling, one strategy to facilitate obtaining accurate results if there will be subgroup correlations would be to select a


A) stratified sample.
B) cluster sample.
C) random sample.
D) purposive sample.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Of the following research topics, which is most likely to be a correlation study?


A) The relationship between hours of exercise and sleep.
B) The difference in minutes a day exercising between boys and girls.
C) The types of exercise students engage in after school.
D) The experiences of John at after school track practice.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following represents the strongest correlation?


A) -.85
B) 0.0
C) .35
D) .65

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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In a single prediction question Y=a + bX) , X represents an)


A) predicted criterion score.
B) distribution of scores in the sample.
C) individual's score.
D) constant calculated from the scores.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Of the following, which is most likely an example of a correlational study?


A) A study that indicated differences in GPA between ROTC and non ROTC students.
B) A study that examines organizational variables that predict retention of special education teachers.
C) A study that examines characteristics of exchange student host families.
D) A study that examines the effect of overt displays of teacher empathy on student class behavior.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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For each, consider the information the correlation provides. -Qi's analysis indicated that for those students who took calculus in high school and then introductory calculus in the first year of University, grades were correlated r=.45. This indicates that high school grades and university grades are


A) strongly related.
B) independent.
C) moderately related.
D) mutually exclusive.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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A Phi coefficient is used for


A) rank level data.
B) continuous level data.
C) artificial dichotomous level data.
D) true dichotomous level data.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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In her prediction study of high school mathematics experiences and University calculus performance, Kirby reported that number of courses taken was correlated r=.42 while the grades in high school mathematics courses was correlated r=.25 with university grades. Given her findings, Kirby can conclude which of the following?


A) High school grades are a better predictor than are number of courses taken.
B) Both high school grades and number of courses taken are strong predictors.
C) Both high school grades and number of courses taken are weak predictors.
D) Number of courses taken are a better predictor than are high school grades.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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