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In a closed economy, if Y, C, and T remained the same, a decrease in G would


A) reduce private saving and public saving.
B) increase private saving but not public saving.
C) increase public saving but not private saving.
D) increase neither private nor public saving.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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If an economy is closed and if it has no government, then


A) national saving = private saving.
B) total income = consumption + investment.
C) saving = total income - consumption.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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When the government increases its borrowing, the budget _____ increases and government debt _____. The resulting change in investment due to this increased government borrowing is called _____.

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deficit, i...

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Long-term bonds are


A) riskier than short-term bonds, and so interest rates on long-term bonds are usually lower than interest rates on short-term bonds.
B) riskier than short-term bonds, and so interest rates on long-term bonds are usually higher than interest rates on short-term bonds.
C) less risky than short-term bonds, and so interest rates on long-term bonds are usually lower than interest rates on short-term bonds.
D) less risky than short-term bonds, and so interest rates on long-term bonds are usually higher than interest rates on short-term bonds.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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In 2009 and 2010, the federal government's budget deficit was about


A) 5 percent of GDP, and this was the highest debt-GDP ratio in U.S history.
B) 10 percent of GDP, and this was the highest debt-GDP ratio in U.S history.
C) 5 percent of GDP, and this was the highest debt-GDP ratio since World War II.
D) 10 percent of GDP, and this was the highest debt-GDP ratio since World War II.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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A national chain of grocery stores wants to finance the construction of several new stores. The firm has limited internal funds, so it likely will


A) demand the required funds by buying bonds.
B) demand the required funds by selling bonds.
C) supply the required funds by buying bonds.
D) supply the required funds by selling bonds.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Scenario 26-1. Assume the following information for an imaginary, closed economy. GDP = $100,000; taxes = $22,000; government purchases = $25,000; national saving = $15,000. -Refer to Scenario 26-1. For this economy, private saving amounts to


A) $22,000.
B) $18,000.
C) $15,000.
D) $37,000.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In examining the national income accounts of the closed economy of Nepotocracy you see that this year it had taxes of $100 billion, transfers of $20 billion, and government purchases of goods and services of $70 billion. You also notice that last year it had private saving of $70 billion and investment of $50 billion. In which year did Nepotocracy have a budget deficit of $20 billion?


A) this year and last year
B) this year but not last year
C) last year but not this year
D) neither this year nor last year

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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When economists refer to investment, they mean the purchasing of stocks and bonds and other types of saving.

A) True
B) False

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Other things the same, when the interest rate rises,


A) people would want to lend more, making the supply of loanable funds increase.
B) people would want to lend less, making the supply of loanable funds decrease.
C) people would want to lend more, making the quantity of loanable funds supplied increase.
D) people would want to lend less, making the quantity of loanable funds supplied decrease.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

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For an imaginary economy, when the real interest rate is 7 percent, the quantity of loanable funds demanded is $500 and the quantity of loanable funds supplied is $500. Currently, the nominal interest rate is 9 percent and the inflation rate is 4 percent. Currently,


A) the market for loanable funds is in equilibrium.
B) the quantity of loanable funds supplied exceeds the quantity of loanable funds demanded, and as a result the real interest rate will rise.
C) the quantity of loanable funds supplied exceeds the quantity of loanable funds demanded, and as a result the real interest rate will fall.
D) the quantity of loanable funds demanded exceeds the quantity of loanable funds supplied, and as a result the real interest rate will rise.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Higher education subsidies in the form of the federal government's student loan program


A) induce more people to attend colleges and universities.
B) keep interest rates low on student loans.
C) cause lenders to take on more risk.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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World Wide Delivery Service Corporation develops a way to speed up its deliveries and reduce its costs. We would expect that this would


A) raise the demand for existing shares of the stock, causing the price to rise.
B) decrease the demand for existing shares of the stock, causing the price to fall.
C) raise the supply of the existing shares of stock, causing the price to rise.
D) raise the supply of the existing shares of stock, causing the price to fall.

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Historically, the typical price-earnings ratio for stocks is about


A) 3
B) 8
C) 15
D) 26

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Figure 26-4. On the horizontal axis of the graph, L represents the quantity of loanable funds in billions of dollars. Figure 26-4. On the horizontal axis of the graph, L represents the quantity of loanable funds in billions of dollars.   -Refer to Figure 26-4. Which of the following events could explain a shift of the demand-for-loanable-funds curve from D<sub>1</sub> to D<sub>2</sub>? A)  The tax code is reformed to encourage greater saving. B)  The tax code is reformed to encourage greater investment. C)  The government starts running a budget deficit. D)  The government starts running a budget surplus. -Refer to Figure 26-4. Which of the following events could explain a shift of the demand-for-loanable-funds curve from D1 to D2?


A) The tax code is reformed to encourage greater saving.
B) The tax code is reformed to encourage greater investment.
C) The government starts running a budget deficit.
D) The government starts running a budget surplus.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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In the language of macroeconomics, investment refers to


A) saving.
B) the purchase of new capital.
C) the purchase of stocks, bonds, or mutual funds.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Which of the following statements is correct?


A) NASDAQ is an important stock exchange in the United States.
B) The Standard & Poor's 500 Index and the New York Stock Exchange are two examples of stock indexes.
C) The most significant influence on the demand for a corporation's stock is the number of shares of the stock that the corporation has issued.
D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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When the government budget deficit rises, national saving is reduced, interest rates rise, and investment falls.

A) True
B) False

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Longview Corporation has a stock price of $60, has issued 1,000,000 shares of stock, has retained earnings of $3 million dollars, and a dividend yield of 5 percent. The price-earnings ratio for Longview stock is


A) 20, which is high compared to historical standards of the market.
B) 20, which is low compared to historical standards of the market.
C) 10, which is low compared to historical standards of the market.
D) 10, which is high compared to historical standards of the market.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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An increase in the government's budget surplus means


A) public saving is greater than $0 and increasing.
B) public saving is greater than $0 and decreasing.
C) public saving is less than $0 and increasing.
D) public saving is less than $0 and decreasing.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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