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Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) . Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) .   -Refer to Table 17-19. If grocery store 2 sets a high price, what price should grocery store 1 set? And what will grocery store 1's payoff equal? A)  Low price, $400 B)  High price, $325 C)  Low price, $50 D)  High price, $400 -Refer to Table 17-19. If grocery store 2 sets a high price, what price should grocery store 1 set? And what will grocery store 1's payoff equal?


A) Low price, $400
B) High price, $325
C) Low price, $50
D) High price, $400

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Table 17-11 Only two firms, ABC and XYZ, sell a particular product. The table below shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost. Table 17-11 Only two firms, ABC and XYZ, sell a particular product. The table below shows the demand curve for their product. Each firm has the same constant marginal cost of $8 and zero fixed cost.   -Refer to Table 17-11. If ABC and XYZ operate to jointly maximize profits, then what quantity is sold? A)  25 B)  30 C)  35 D)  40 -Refer to Table 17-11. If ABC and XYZ operate to jointly maximize profits, then what quantity is sold?


A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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When firms have agreements among themselves on the quantity to produce and the price at which to sell output, we refer to their form of organization as a


A) Nash arrangement.
B) cartel.
C) monopolistically competitive oligopoly.
D) perfectly competitive oligopoly.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The equilibrium price in a market characterized by oligopoly is


A) higher than in monopoly markets and higher than in perfectly competitive markets.
B) higher than in monopoly markets and lower than in perfectly competitive markets.
C) lower than in monopoly markets and higher than in perfectly competitive markets.
D) lower than in monopoly markets and lower than in perfectly competitive markets.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Much of the research on game theory in recent decades was driven by attempts to analyze actions of players during


A) the Great Depression of the 1930s.
B) World War II.
C) the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
D) the ascendancy of the conservative movement in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s) incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost. Table 17-12 The table shows the town of Driveaway's demand schedule for gasoline. Assume the town's gasoline seller(s)  incurs a cost of $2 for each gallon sold, with no fixed cost.   -Refer to Table 17-12. If there are exactly five sellers of gasoline in Driveaway and if they collude, then which of the following outcomes is most likely? A)  Each seller will sell 20 gallons, charge a price of $6, and earn a profit of $80. B)  Each seller will sell 30 gallons, charge a price of $5, and earn a profit of $90. C)  Each seller will sell 40 gallons, charge a price of $4, and earn a profit of $120. D)  Each seller will sell 50 gallons, charge a price of $3, and earn a profit of $50. -Refer to Table 17-12. If there are exactly five sellers of gasoline in Driveaway and if they collude, then which of the following outcomes is most likely?


A) Each seller will sell 20 gallons, charge a price of $6, and earn a profit of $80.
B) Each seller will sell 30 gallons, charge a price of $5, and earn a profit of $90.
C) Each seller will sell 40 gallons, charge a price of $4, and earn a profit of $120.
D) Each seller will sell 50 gallons, charge a price of $3, and earn a profit of $50.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Table 17-9 The table shows the demand schedule for a particular product. Table 17-9 The table shows the demand schedule for a particular product.   -Refer to Table 17-9. Suppose the market for this product is served by two firms that have formed a cartel. If the marginal cost of production is $0 and there is no fixed cost, the combined profit of the cartel will be A)  $16 B)  $24 C)  $30 D)  $32 -Refer to Table 17-9. Suppose the market for this product is served by two firms that have formed a cartel. If the marginal cost of production is $0 and there is no fixed cost, the combined profit of the cartel will be


A) $16
B) $24
C) $30
D) $32

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Scenario 17-5 Assume that a local restaurant sells two items, salads and steaks. The restaurant's only two customers on a particular day are Mr. Carnivore and Ms. Leafygreens. Mr. Carnivore is willing to pay $20 for a steak and $7 for a salad. Ms. Leafygreens is willing to pay only $8 for a steak, but is willing to pay $12 for a salad. Assume that the restaurant can provide each of these items at zero marginal cost. -Refer to Scenario 17-5. How much additional profit can the restaurant earn by switching to the use of a tying strategy to price salads and steaks rather than pricing these goods separately?


A) $20
B) $12
C) $7
D) $6

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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When all firms choose their best strategy given the strategies that all the other firms have chosen, the result is a Nash equilibrium.

A) True
B) False

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As a group, oligopolists earn the highest profit when they


A) achieve a Nash equilibrium.
B) produce a total quantity of output that falls short of the Nash-equilibrium total quantity.
C) produce a total quantity of output that exceeds the Nash-equilibrium total quantity.
D) charge a price that falls short of the Nash-equilibrium price.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Figure 17-5. Two companies, ABC and QRS, are sellers in the same market. Each company decides whether to charge a high price or a low price. In the figure, the dollar amounts are payoffs and they represent annual profits for the two companies. Figure 17-5. Two companies, ABC and QRS, are sellers in the same market. Each company decides whether to charge a high price or a low price. In the figure, the dollar amounts are payoffs and they represent annual profits for the two companies.   -Refer to Figure 17-5. The dominant strategy for ABC is to A)  charge a high price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a high price. B)  charge a high price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a low price. C)  charge a low price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a high price. D)  charge a low price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a low price. -Refer to Figure 17-5. The dominant strategy for ABC is to


A) charge a high price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a high price.
B) charge a high price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a low price.
C) charge a low price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a high price.
D) charge a low price, and the dominant strategy for QRS is to charge a low price.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) . Table 17-19 Consider a small town that has two grocery stores from which residents can choose to buy a loaf of bread. The store owners each must make a decision to set a high bread price or a low bread price. The payoff table, showing profit per week, is provided below. The profit in each cell is shown as (Store 1, Store 2) .   -Refer to Table 17-19. What is the Nash Equilibrium of this price-setting game? A)  Grocery store 1: Low price Grocery store 2: Low price B)  Grocery store 1: Low price Grocery store 2: High price C)  Grocery store 1: High price Grocery store 2: How price D)  Grocery store 1: High price Grocery store 2: High price -Refer to Table 17-19. What is the Nash Equilibrium of this price-setting game?


A) Grocery store 1: Low price Grocery store 2: Low price
B) Grocery store 1: Low price Grocery store 2: High price
C) Grocery store 1: High price Grocery store 2: How price
D) Grocery store 1: High price Grocery store 2: High price

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Table 17-35 Suppose that two coal mining companies - Allied and Barclay - own adjacent land suitable for excavating coal mines. The profits that each firm earns depends on both the number of mines it excavates and the number of mines excavated by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Allied Excavate one mine Excavate two mines Table 17-35 Suppose that two coal mining companies - Allied and Barclay - own adjacent land suitable for excavating coal mines. The profits that each firm earns depends on both the number of mines it excavates and the number of mines excavated by the other firm. The table below lists each firm's individual profits: Allied Excavate one mine Excavate two mines   -Refer to Table 17-35. Does Allied have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it. -Refer to Table 17-35. Does Allied have a dominant strategy? If so, describe it.

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Yes, regardless of Barclay's strategy, A...

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In some games, the noncooperative equilibrium is bad for the players and bad for society.

A) True
B) False

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A cooperative agreement among oligopolists is less likely to be maintained,


A) the greater the number of oligopolists.
B) the larger the number of buyers of the oligopolists' product.
C) the smaller the number of buyers of the oligopolists' product.
D) the more likely it is that the game among the oligopolists will be played over and over again.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Although the practice of predatory pricing is a common claim in antitrust suits, some economists are skeptical of this argument because they believe


A) the evidence of its practice is nearly impossible to collect.
B) predatory pricing is not a profitable business strategy.
C) even though predatory pricing is a profitable business strategy, it is on balance beneficial to society.
D) predatory pricing actually attracts new firms to the industry.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Table 17-26 Two prescription drug manufacturers (Firm A and Firm B) are faced with lawsuits from states to recover the healthcare related expenses associated with side-effects from its drugs. Each drug manufacturer has evidence that indicates that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. State prosecutors do not have access to the same data used by drug manufacturers and thus will have difficulty recovering full costs without the help of at least one of the drug manufacturer's studies. Each firm has been presented with an opportunity to lower its liability in the suit if it cooperates with attorneys representing the states. Table 17-26 Two prescription drug manufacturers (Firm A and Firm B)  are faced with lawsuits from states to recover the healthcare related expenses associated with side-effects from its drugs. Each drug manufacturer has evidence that indicates that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. State prosecutors do not have access to the same data used by drug manufacturers and thus will have difficulty recovering full costs without the help of at least one of the drug manufacturer's studies. Each firm has been presented with an opportunity to lower its liability in the suit if it cooperates with attorneys representing the states.   Refer to Table 17-26. Pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will concede that taking their prescription drug causes liver failure e. only if Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. f. only if Firm B does not concede that taking its drug causes liver failure. g. regardless of whether Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. h. None of the above. In pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will in no case concede that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ECON.MANK.15.84 - LO: 17-2 NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic TOPICS: DISC: Game Theory KEYWORDS: BLOOM'S: Application NOTES: r -Refer to Table 17-26. Which of the following statements is correct? A)  Neither firm A nor firm B has a dominant strategy. B)  Both firm A and firm B have a dominant strategy. C)  If this game were repeated, these firms would choose different strategies than they choose in a one-period game. D)  This game is a typical prisoner's dilemma in which the firms are worse off by making decisions in their own self-interest. Refer to Table 17-26. Pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will concede that taking their prescription drug causes liver failure e. only if Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. f. only if Firm B does not concede that taking its drug causes liver failure. g. regardless of whether Firm B concedes that taking its drug causes liver failure. h. None of the above. In pursuing its own best interests, Firm A will in no case concede that taking its prescription drug causes liver failure. ANSWER: d POINTS: 1 DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: Moderate LEARNING OBJECTIVES: ECON.MANK.15.84 - LO: 17-2 NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: Analytic TOPICS: DISC: Game Theory KEYWORDS: BLOOM'S: Application NOTES: r -Refer to Table 17-26. Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Neither firm A nor firm B has a dominant strategy.
B) Both firm A and firm B have a dominant strategy.
C) If this game were repeated, these firms would choose different strategies than they choose in a one-period game.
D) This game is a typical prisoner's dilemma in which the firms are worse off by making decisions in their own self-interest.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Whether an oligopoly consists of 3 firms or 10 firms, the level of output likely will be the same.

A) True
B) False

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In imperfectly competitive markets, increasing production will decrease the price of all units sold. This concept is known as the


A) income effect.
B) cost effect.
C) output effect.
D) price effect.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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What effect does the number of firms in an oligopoly have on the characteristics of the market?

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As the number of firms increas...

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