Question 1

If p = 0.6, what is q?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.6
B)   0.4
C)   0.36
D)   0.15
E)   0 Knowing the frequency of one allele, use the formula p + q = 1 to determine the frequency of the other allele.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

A population of bacteria is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Through repeated exposure to an antibiotic, the frequency of the recessive allele is rapidly increasing. What is the most likely explanation for this response?

Accepted Answer

A)   The recessive allele is responsible for susceptibility of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
B)   The dominant allele is responsible for susceptibility of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
C)   The recessive allele is responsible for resistance of the bacteria to the antibiotic.
D)   The population is experiencing gene flow.
E)   The population is experiencing disruptive selection. The frequency increase in one allele shows a violation of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Since the recessive allele is increasing in response to antibiotic exposure a selective agent) , this allele must be responsible for an adaptive phenotype, most likely antibiotic resistance.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   natural selection.
B)   genetic drift.
C)   founder effect.
D)   industrial melanism.
E)   gene flow. Chance survival is considered genetic drift.F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 4

In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does q2 represent?

Accepted Answer

A)   frequency of the dominant allele
B)   frequency of the recessive allele
C)   frequency of the heterozygotes
D)   frequency of the homozygous dominants
E)   frequency of the homozygous recessivesF) B) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following examples describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A)   A forest fire kills all plant life south of a highway.
B)   Rabbits with longer fur survive the winter.
C)   Insects resistant to insecticide survive crop dusting.
D)   Colorful lizards living on brown leaves are most often eaten by predators.
E)   Plants with larger flowers attract more butterflies than plants with smaller flowers. Genetic drift refers to random survival and reproduction, regardless of adaptive traits.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 6

Directional selection in the modern horse is demonstrated by

Accepted Answer

A)   the gradual decrease in size over time.
B)   the rapid decrease in size over time.
C)   the gradual increase in size over time.
D)   the rapid increase in size over time.
E)   the extinction of other horse species. Over time, horses gradually increased in overall size as an adaptation to their environment changing from forest to grassland. A directional change such as this indicates directional selection.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

The figure shown here represents stabilizing selection. What happens when an individual is produced that possesses a trait far away from the mean value?

Accepted Answer

A)   That extreme individual likely will not survive and reproduce.
B)   That extreme individual will be more likely to survive and reproduce.
C)   That extreme individual will have neither an advantage nor a disadvantage over other individuals.
D)   All phenotypes have equal likelihood of surviving and reproducing.
E)   The average phenotype is less likely to survive and reproduce. Stabilizing selection selects against individuals that are far from the mean value of a given trait.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 8

Natural selection can favor directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection in the same population simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

In random mating

Accepted Answer

A)   individuals choose the most attractive mate.
B)   there is no factor influencing mate choice.
C)   breeding occurs between two different species.
D)   breeding occurs between two different subspecies.
E)   fertile offspring are not produced. Random mating is when there are no factors influencing mate choice.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

If half of a population is homozygous recessive, what is p?

Accepted Answer

A)   0.5
B)   0.707
C)   0.25
D)   0.293
E)   0.1 The homozygous recessive genotype = q2. So, if q2 = 0.5, then q = 0.707. p + q = 1, and therefore p = 0.293.F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

In the figure shown here, petal color of a flower population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the pink petal color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

Accepted Answer

A)   stabilizing selection.
B)   disruptive selection.
C)   directional selection.
D)   genetic drift. Stabilizing selection selects against individuals that are far from the mean value of a given trait.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population?

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic recombination
B)   independent assortment of alleles
C)   sexual reproduction
D)   mutation
E)   adaptation Genetic variation is required for evolution to occur. Genetic variation is generated through mutation, sexual reproduction, independent assortment of alleles, and genetic recombination.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely an example of a founder effect event?

Accepted Answer

A)   A random small group of a bird population migrates to an island and then returns to breed.
B)   A random large group of a bird population migrates to an island and then returns to breed.
C)   A selected small group of a bird population migrates to an island and then returns to breed.
D)   A random small group of a bird population migrates to an island and does not return to breed.
E)   A random large group of a bird population migrates to an island and does not return to breed. An example of the founder effect would likely be a small random portion of a population, representing a fraction of the entire gene pool, moving to a new location. These individuals take with them few chance alleles, which will occur at a higher frequency than in the original population.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

Which Hardy-Weinberg condition is violated by sexual selection?

Accepted Answer

A)   no mutations
B)   no natural selection
C)   random mating
D)   no genetic drift
E)   no gene flow The Hardy-Weinberg equation for equilibrium assumes that mutations, natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow, and nonrandom mating do not occur.F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

The usage of the insecticide DDT to control mosquitoes resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)   directional selection to insecticide resistance in the insects.
B)   stabilizing selection to insecticide resistance in the insects.
C)   disruptive selection to insecticide resistance in the insects.
D)   genetic drift to insecticide resistance in the insects.
E)   no change in the insect population. Directional selection occurred in mosquitoes over years of exposure to DDT. Those individual mosquitoes that were resistant to insecticide survived and reproduced. Subsequent generations of mosquitoes showed resistance to DDT.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

The increase in frequency of dark phenotypes in response to increased pollution is called

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic drift.
B)   founder effect.
C)   industrial melanism.
D)   assortative mating.
E)   stabilizing selection. The increase in frequency of dark phenotypes in response to increased pollution is called industrial melanism. The pollution generated by industry causes the trees to become blackened, which allows dark-colored individuals to blend in with the trees better than light-colored individuals.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   any evolution at any scale
B)   large-scale changes over a long period of time
C)   small-scale changes over a long period of time
D)   small-scale changes over a short period of time
E)   changes of any scale within microorganisms Microevolution is the term applied to small changes in a population over relatively short periods of time.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

A group of field mice crosses a highway and joins a new population of field mice on the other side, producing offspring with this population. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   gene flow.
B)   genetic drift.
C)   Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
D)   assortative mating.
E)   hybridization. Gene flow, also called gene migration, is the movement of alleles among populations by migration of breeding individuals.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 19

British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   directional selection.
B)   stabilizing selection.
C)   disruptive selection.
D)   genetic drift.
E)   mutation. Disruptive selection favors polymorphism, the predominance of two or more phenotypes over an average phenotype.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 20

In what type of environment is being heterozygous in regards to the sickle-cell trait an advantage?

Accepted Answer

A)   an environment that has malaria
B)   an environment that is malaria-free
C)   an environment that is exposed to a large amount of sunlight year-round
D)   an environment that is degraded
E)   an environment that is cold and rainy Being heterozygous in an environment that has malaria is advantageous. The heterozygote produces red blood cells that secrete potassium, which causes the malaria parasite to die.F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 15: Evolution on a Small Scale

Microevolution is the term that applies to which of the following?

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In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does q2 represent?

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If p = 0.6, what is q?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The increase in frequency of dark phenotypes in response to increased pollution is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

British land snails primarily occur in two extreme phenotypes. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A population of bacteria is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Through repeated exposure to an antibiotic, the frequency of the recessive allele is rapidly increasing. What is the most likely explanation for this response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Directional selection in the modern horse is demonstrated by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which Hardy-Weinberg condition is violated by sexual selection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is most likely an example of a founder effect event?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not generate genetic variation within a population?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natural selection can favor directional, stabilizing, and disruptive selection in the same population simultaneously.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If half of a population is homozygous recessive, what is p?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A group of field mice crosses a highway and joins a new population of field mice on the other side, producing offspring with this population. This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The figure shown here represents stabilizing selection. What happens when an individual is produced that possesses a trait far away from the mean value?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In what type of environment is being heterozygous in regards to the sickle-cell trait an advantage?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the figure shown here, petal color of a flower population is distributed in a bell-shaped normal curve. If the pink petal color increases in frequency in the population, this would illustrate

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In random mating

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The usage of the insecticide DDT to control mosquitoes resulted in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following examples describes genetic drift?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In the Hardy-Weinberg formula, what does q² represent?

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