Question 1

During DNA replication, the original strand ATTCGCGATTTA)  was replicated as ATTCGGATTTA) . What type of mutation is present?

Accepted Answer

A)   deletion
B)   duplication
C)   transposon
D)   translocation
E)   None of these mutations have taken place.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 2

When a chromosome carrying an inversion undergoes crossing-over,

Accepted Answer

A)   all four chromatids will contain a duplication or deletion.
B)   two chromatids will carry both a duplication and a deletion, one will contain the inversion, and one will be normal.
C)   two chromatids will carry both a duplication and a deletion, and the other two will contain the inversion.
D)   all four chromatids will be normal.
E)   two chromatids will carry the inversion, and the other two will be normal.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Chorionic villus sampling carries less risk of causing miscarriage than amniocentesis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

A missing piece of chromosome 5 may result in a child whose glottis and larynx do not develop properly, resulting in an abnormal cry. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)   cri du chat syndrome.
B)   Huntington syndrome.
C)   Klinefelter syndrome.
D)   inv dup 15 syndrome.
E)   Down syndrome.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Which structure is used in the new treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?

Accepted Answer

A)   adenovirus
B)   SCID
C)   bacteriophage
D)   hypodermic needles
E)   None of these structures are used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

An extra three nucleotides inserted into a gene will cause a frameshift mutation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A translocation chromosomal mutation is the exchange of segments between two homologous chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 8

What are the current known methods of delivering genes to cells for gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A)   viruses, liposomes, and nasal sprays
B)   viruses, nasal sprays, and gene guns
C)   liposomes, nasal sprays, and chemical transformation
D)   nasal sprays, liposomes, and gene guns
E)   viruses and gene gunsF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following consequences can arise as the result of a chromosomal inversion?

Accepted Answer

A)   The inverted sequence of alleles can lead to altered gene activity, but only if it disrupts the control of gene expression.
B)   The additional nucleotides added to the allele can cause it to produce an additional protein.
C)   The nucleotides that have been deleted from the allele will cause the new amino acid chain to be shortened.
D)   The multiple copies of the adenine nucleotide that have been added will increase the number of amino acids added to the chain.
E)   There are no consequences due to a chromosomal inversion.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 10

A man carrying a translocation may appear normal, but runs the risk of having children with a syndrome because his children

Accepted Answer

A)   may inherit both abnormal chromosomes from the father and would thus carry a deletion.
B)   may inherit one abnormal chromosome with one normal chromosome from the father, and would carry a deletion or duplication.
C)   will inherit one abnormal chromosome from both the mother and father.
D)   may inherit both normal chromosomes from the father and an abnormal one from the mother.
E)   carry the same translocation as the father.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

You are a genetic counselor, and a man with the translocation shown in the figure is your client. He and his partner who has a normal karyotype)  wish to have children. You explain to him that the probability of having a child with a normal karyotype is

Accepted Answer

A)   0%.
B)   25%.
C)   50%.
D)   75%.
E)   100%.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

What kinds of mutations can be revealed through ultrasound?

Accepted Answer

A)   Some chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome, and a few other known inherited disorders.
B)   The genetic profile, including any mutant gene alleles the fetus may have.
C)   All chromosomal mutations, including deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations.
D)   Only larger chromosomal mutations, such as the large deletion seen in individuals with cri du chat syndrome.
E)   Only inherited genetic disorders caused by single gene mutations.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

-You are a genetic counselor, and a man with the translocation shown in the figure is your client. He and his partner who has a normal karyotype)  wish to have children. You explain to him that the probability of having a child with an unbalanced translocation is

Accepted Answer

A)   0%.
B)   25%.
C)   50%.
D)   75%.
E)   100%.F) None of the above
G) B) and E) C

Question 14

Down syndrome could not be treated by gene therapy because

Accepted Answer

A)   scientists do not know which faulty genes cause the syndrome.
B)   Down syndrome results from having extra copies of genes on an entire chromosome, so adding more genes would not help.
C)   liposomes and nasal sprays cannot be used due to abnormalities in the respiratory tract of Down syndrome individuals.
D)   there are too many genes involved in the syndrome.
E)   the gene therapy treatment could not be performed on an adult individual.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Mutations are relatively uncommon because

Accepted Answer

A)   DNA repair enzymes often repair errors.
B)   physical mutagens such as X-rays seldom damage DNA.
C)   DNA is able to repair itself over time.
D)   frameshift mutations occur very frequently.
E)   transposons are constantly moving throughout the genome.F) B) and C)
G) C) and E)

Question 16

Chromosomes for karyotyping are often obtained from a blood sample. Red blood cells, however, cannot be used for this purpose because

Accepted Answer

A)   they are too small.
B)   they lack nuclei.
C)   white blood cells are much more common.
D)   they have abnormal chromosomes.
E)   they are difficult to isolate.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 17

Which genetic disorder is due to a deletion on chromosome 7?

Accepted Answer

A)   Williams syndrome
B)   cri du chat syndrome
C)   Alagille syndrome
D)   Down syndrome
E)   cancerF) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 18

Transposons have not been discovered in which of the following species?

Accepted Answer

A)   bacteria
B)   plants
C)   humans
D)   fruit flies
E)   fungiF) All of the above
G) C) and D) E

Question 19

Which one of the following diseases or disorders has not been treated using gene therapy methods?

Accepted Answer

A)   rheumatoid arthritis
B)   familial hypercholesterolemia
C)   cri du chat syndrome
D)   sickle-cell disease
E)   Duchenne muscular dystrophyF) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 20

Mutations within genes always result in nonfunctional proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Genetic Counseling

During DNA replication, the original strand ATTCGCGATTTA) was replicated as ATTCGGATTTA) . What type of mutation is present?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a chromosome carrying an inversion undergoes crossing-over,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chorionic villus sampling carries less risk of causing miscarriage than amniocentesis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A missing piece of chromosome 5 may result in a child whose glottis and larynx do not develop properly, resulting in an abnormal cry. This is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which structure is used in the new treatment of rheumatoid arthritis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An extra three nucleotides inserted into a gene will cause a frameshift mutation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A translocation chromosomal mutation is the exchange of segments between two homologous chromosomes.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

What are the current known methods of delivering genes to cells for gene therapy?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following consequences can arise as the result of a chromosomal inversion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A man carrying a translocation may appear normal, but runs the risk of having children with a syndrome because his children

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are a genetic counselor, and a man with the translocation shown in the figure is your client. He and his partner who has a normal karyotype) wish to have children. You explain to him that the probability of having a child with a normal karyotype is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What kinds of mutations can be revealed through ultrasound?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-You are a genetic counselor, and a man with the translocation shown in the figure is your client. He and his partner who has a normal karyotype) wish to have children. You explain to him that the probability of having a child with an unbalanced translocation is

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Down syndrome could not be treated by gene therapy because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations are relatively uncommon because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chromosomes for karyotyping are often obtained from a blood sample. Red blood cells, however, cannot be used for this purpose because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which genetic disorder is due to a deletion on chromosome 7?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transposons have not been discovered in which of the following species?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Which one of the following diseases or disorders has not been treated using gene therapy methods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mutations within genes always result in nonfunctional proteins.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
False

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
E

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified