Question 1

Therapeutic cloning can

Accepted Answer

A)   produce clones of adult individuals.
B)   be used to produce superior farm animals.
C)   produce specialized cells to treat human disease.
D)   be used to create new species of plants.
E)   produce embryonic stem cells.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following sequences of events in the production of recombinant DNA are in the correct order?

Accepted Answer

A)   cut DNA with restriction enzymes, mix DNA with plasmid DNA, add DNA ligase
B)   mix DNA with plasmid DNA, cut with restriction enzymes, add DNA ligase
C)   add DNA ligase, cut DNA with restriction enzymes, mix DNA with plasmid DNA
D)   mix DNA with plasmid DNA, add DNA ligase, cut with restriction enzymes
E)   cut with restriction enzymes, add DNA ligase, mix DNA with plasmid DNAF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Specialized cells differ from one another because they

Accepted Answer

A)   only express certain genes.
B)   express all genes.
C)   turn off gene expression once specialized.
D)   may re-enter the cell cycle at any time.
E)   do not express housekeeping genes.F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

In order to clone adult animals, scientists typically begin with an)

Accepted Answer

A)   isolated sperm cell.
B)   enucleated egg.
C)   enucleated liver cell.
D)   red blood cell.
E)   enucleated sperm cell.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

What is the genetic similarity between humans and mice?

Accepted Answer

A)   85%
B)   90%
C)   98%
D)   45%
E)   There is no genetic similarity between humans and mice.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, are

Accepted Answer

A)   cool to allow DNA strands to anneal, heat to allow primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
B)   heat to denature DNA strands, cool to allow primer to anneal and to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
C)   heat to denature DNA strands and for primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
D)   cool to denature DNA strands, heat to allow primer to anneal, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.
E)   cool to allow primer to anneal, heat to denature DNA strands, cool to allow DNA polymerase to copy DNA.A typical PCR cycle has two steps: denaturation, and annealing/extension. The reaction is heated to near boiling to separate the two DNA strands, and then the reaction is cooled to allow the primers to anneal to the DNA and to allow the DNA polymerase to copy the DNA.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 7

The CRISPR system involves the Cas9 enzyme, which identifies specific nucleotides to be cut using an)  ________ molecule as a guide to identify the proper DNA sequence to edit.

Accepted Answer

A)   RNA
B)   DNA
C)   protein
D)   virus
E)   helicaseF) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

After 12 PCR cycles, how many DNA strands would be available?

Accepted Answer

A)   4,096
B)   2,048
C)   1,024
D)   512
E)   256F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 9

How can comparative genomics assist in the treatment of HIV?

Accepted Answer

A)   The genome of HIV can now be compared to the human genome to find similarities between the two.
B)   Knowing the genome of HIV allows for the manufacture of designer drugs to treat specific strains.
C)   Understanding the genetic code of HIV allows scientists to replicate it in the laboratory.
D)   Understanding the evolution of HIV in an individual will help scientists understand how the virus responds to different drug regimes and will lead to better treatments.
E)   Knowing the proteins produced by HIV will allow the development of drugs to mimic those proteins.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B) D

Question 10

During recombinant DNA technology, what structure acts as a carrier for the foreign DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   vector
B)   restriction enzyme
C)   DNA ligase
D)   polymerase chain reaction
E)   DNA helicaseF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

An)  ________ is to reproductive cloning as an)  ________ is to therapeutic cloning.

Accepted Answer

A)   specialized cell; clone
B)   clone; enucleated egg
C)   clone; specialized cell
D)   embryonic stem cell; adult stem cell
E)   enucleated egg; specialized cellF) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Which of the following reasons explains a possible advantage of using adult stem cells in therapeutic cloning rather than embryonic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Adult stem cells have a longer lifespan in culture than embryonic stem cells, and would persist for a longer time in the patient's body.
B)   Embryonic stem cells would not be able to enter the correct tissue of the patient's body, unlike an adult stem cell.
C)   Adult stem cells must be obtained from another individual before being injected into the patient, and would be less likely to be rejected by the patient's body.
D)   Embryonic stem cells may stop dividing within the patient's body once injected, unlike adult stem cells.
E)   Adult stem cells may be obtained from the patient and would be less likely to be rejected by the patient's body.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B) E

Question 13

Bacteria, plants, and animals have all been used to create transgenic forms that are useful in

Accepted Answer

A)   producing high-yield tomato plants.
B)   creating pest-resistant versions of corn.
C)   cleaning up oil spills.
D)   generating pharmaceuticals.
E)   producing new types of high-yield beef.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is not an application of polymerase chain reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   production of many copies of an unknown piece of DNA
B)   making copies of a foreign gene for use in making recombinant DNA
C)   DNA fingerprinting of a crime scene suspect
D)   amplifying mitochondrial DNA sequences
E)   linking two DNA molecules togetherF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

What does the field of proteomics study?

Accepted Answer

A)   The structure and function of cellular proteins and how they interact to contribute to traits.
B)   The structure and function of cellular lipids and how they interact to contribute to traits.
C)   The structure of carbohydrates and how they are converted into a useable form of energy for the body.
D)   The structure of prions and how they can lead to various diseases within the body.
E)   The interaction between cellular proteins and how they make up the bulk of the cell membrane.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Cells from the root of a carrot may be used to generate an entire carrot plant. This illustrates that

Accepted Answer

A)   only cells of the root contain the plant's genes.
B)   every cell of the root contains all of the plant's genes.
C)   plants are easier to clone than animals.
D)   carrots may be used for therapeutic cloning.
E)   a carrot's roots contain all of the tissues of an adult plant.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D) B

Question 17

When DNA fingerprinting is performed, why might an individual possess two different numbers of repeats for the same chromosomal region?

Accepted Answer

A)   Intergenic DNA may vary from one cell to another in the same individual.
B)   The individual has different numbers of the same repeated sequence on each homologous chromosome.
C)   The sample is contaminated with the DNA of another individual.
D)   Each sister chromatid of a chromosome may contain different numbers of repeats.
E)   It is not possible for this to occur.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 18

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Accepted Answer

A)   Proteomics; bioinformatics
B)   Comparative genomics; bioinformatics
C)   Genomics; proteomics
D)   Proteomics; comparative genomics
E)   Comparative genomics; proteomicsF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

Which gene on chromosome 22 is believed to have made a difference in the evolution of humans compared to that of chimpanzees?

Accepted Answer

A)   The gene for proper speech development.
B)   The gene for smell.
C)   The gene for hearing.
D)   The gene for blood type.
E)   The gene for social behaviors.F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 20

Why do adult stem cells currently have fewer uses in therapeutic cloning than embryonic stem cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Embryonic stem cells have longer telomeres and persist for much longer than adult stem cells.
B)   Embryonic stem cells are capable of reverting to a G0 stage when starved.
C)   Adult stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas embryonic stem cells may only become adult stem cells first.
D)   Embryonic stem cells may become any type of cell, whereas adult stem cells may only become a limited number of cell types.
E)   Adult stem cells have more restrictions that prevent them from re-entering the cell cycle at the G0 stage.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Exam 12: Biotechnology and Genomics

Therapeutic cloning can

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following sequences of events in the production of recombinant DNA are in the correct order?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Specialized cells differ from one another because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to clone adult animals, scientists typically begin with an)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the genetic similarity between humans and mice?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The steps involved in a single PCR cycle, in the correct order, are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The CRISPR system involves the Cas9 enzyme, which identifies specific nucleotides to be cut using an) ________ molecule as a guide to identify the proper DNA sequence to edit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After 12 PCR cycles, how many DNA strands would be available?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can comparative genomics assist in the treatment of HIV?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

During recombinant DNA technology, what structure acts as a carrier for the foreign DNA?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An) ________ is to reproductive cloning as an) ________ is to therapeutic cloning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following reasons explains a possible advantage of using adult stem cells in therapeutic cloning rather than embryonic stem cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Bacteria, plants, and animals have all been used to create transgenic forms that are useful in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not an application of polymerase chain reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the field of proteomics study?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cells from the root of a carrot may be used to generate an entire carrot plant. This illustrates that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

When DNA fingerprinting is performed, why might an individual possess two different numbers of repeats for the same chromosomal region?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; ________ may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which gene on chromosome 22 is believed to have made a difference in the evolution of humans compared to that of chimpanzees?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why do adult stem cells currently have fewer uses in therapeutic cloning than embryonic stem cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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An) is to reproductive cloning as an) is to therapeutic cloning.

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E

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B

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is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; may be employed to use computer algorithms to aid this process.

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