Question 1

Which of the following statistical measures is most helpful for indicating the extent to which IQ scores can be used to predict grades in school?

Accepted Answer

A)   mean
B)   standard deviation
C)   correlation coefficient
D)   rangeE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Professor Connolly uses a scatterplot to display the relationship between students' intelligence test scores and the number of failing grades they have received. The points on the plot are most likely clustered in a pattern that

Accepted Answer

A)   resembles a U-shaped curve.
B)   extends from the upper left to the lower right of the plot.
C)   resembles a bell-shaped curve.
D)   extends from the lower left to the upper right of the plot.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Researchers studied the effects of vitamin supplements on the health of over 600 city residents throughout their adulthood. This research procedure best illustrated a

Accepted Answer

A)   regression toward the mean.
B)   cross-sectional study.
C)   scatterplot.
D)   longitudinal study.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

What is the median of the following distribution of scores: 1, 3, 7, 7, 2, 8, 4?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

If the points on a scatterplot are clustered in a pattern that extends from lower left to upper right, this would suggest that the two variables depicted are

Accepted Answer

A)   normally distributed.
B)   positively correlated.
C)   negatively correlated.
D)   not correlated.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

The percentage of college students whose gradepoint averages fall into various performance levels could be represented on a

Accepted Answer

A)   standard deviation.
B)   bar graph.
C)   scatterplot.
D)   correlation coefficient.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

After his property was vandalized by a small group of teenagers, Mr. Majka concluded that most teenagers are irresponsible and delinquent. Mr. Majka ought to be reminded that accurate generalizations depend on

Accepted Answer

A)   a realization that random events may not look random.
B)   an awareness of regression toward the mean.
C)   the observation of representative samples.
D)   the selection of samples from a skewed population.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 8

Approximately 68 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s)  from the mean.

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   34E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

An observed difference between two sample groups is more likely to be statistically significant if

Accepted Answer

A)   the observed difference is small.
B)   the sample groups are small.
C)   the standard deviations of the sample groups are small.
D)   both samples are drawn from the same population.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Variation is to central tendency as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   range; median
B)   mode; mean
C)   scatterplot; bar graph
D)   correlation; scatterplotE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

In which type of study are the same people tested and retested over a period of years?

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional
B)   correlational
C)   longitudinal
D)   scatterplotE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self-esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, it is necessary to

Accepted Answer

A)   construct a scatterplot.
B)   calculate a correlation coefficient.
C)   plot the distribution of self-esteem levels among all males and females.
D)   conduct a test of statistical significance.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The symmetrical bell-shaped figure used to represent the distribution of many physical and psychological characteristics is called a

Accepted Answer

A)   bar graph.
B)   normal curve.
C)   correlation.
D)   scatterplot.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

Central tendency is to variation as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   scatterplot; correlation
B)   range; skewed distribution
C)   mean; standard deviation
D)   median; modeE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number "5" represents the ________ of the sisters' ages.

Accepted Answer

A)   mode
B)   median
C)   mean
D)   rangeE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 16

The ________ is a measure of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   median; variation
B)   range; central tendency
C)   standard deviation; variation
D)   correlation coefficient; central tendencyE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 17

If a difference between two samples is NOT statistically significant, which of the following can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)   The difference is probably not a true one.
B)   The difference is probably not reliable.
C)   The difference could be due to sampling variation.
D)   All of these statements are true.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

Median is to range as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   skewed distribution; bar graph
B)   mean; mode
C)   scatterplot; correlation
D)   central tendency; variationE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

The average scores of two samples taken from the same population are most likely to differ if

Accepted Answer

A)   the samples are both small.
B)   the standard deviations of the samples are both small.
C)   the samples differ from each other in size.
D)   the sample means are both similar to the sample medians.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is the

Accepted Answer

A)   mean.
B)   median.
C)   mode.
D)   range.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Exam 16: Statistical Reasoning in Everyday Life

A random sample of females was observed to exhibit a lower average level of self-esteem than a random sample of males. To assess the likelihood that this observed difference reflects a real difference in the average self-esteem of the total population of males and females, it is necessary to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ahmed has five sisters who are 3, 3, 5, 9, and 10 years of age. The number "5" represents the ________ of the sisters' ages.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the points on a scatterplot are clustered in a pattern that extends from lower left to upper right, this would suggest that the two variables depicted are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately 68 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s) from the mean.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Variation is to central tendency as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average scores of two samples taken from the same population are most likely to differ if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Median is to range as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The symmetrical bell-shaped figure used to represent the distribution of many physical and psychological characteristics is called a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An observed difference between two sample groups is more likely to be statistically significant if

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The percentage of college students whose gradepoint averages fall into various performance levels could be represented on a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the median of the following distribution of scores: 1, 3, 7, 7, 2, 8, 4?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Connolly uses a scatterplot to display the relationship between students' intelligence test scores and the number of failing grades they have received. The points on the plot are most likely clustered in a pattern that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Central tendency is to variation as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers studied the effects of vitamin supplements on the health of over 600 city residents throughout their adulthood. This research procedure best illustrated a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a difference between two samples is NOT statistically significant, which of the following can be concluded?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After his property was vandalized by a small group of teenagers, Mr. Majka concluded that most teenagers are irresponsible and delinquent. Mr. Majka ought to be reminded that accurate generalizations depend on

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which type of study are the same people tested and retested over a period of years?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ________ is a measure of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statistical measures is most helpful for indicating the extent to which IQ scores can be used to predict grades in school?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Variation is to central tendency as is to .

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Median is to range as is to .

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Central tendency is to variation as is to .

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The is a measure of .

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