Question 1

According to Freud,the component of personality that seeks to reconcile the demands of the id,superego,and reality is the

Accepted Answer

A)   collective unconscious.
B)   Oedipus complex.
C)   erogenous zone.
D)   ego.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 2

Mary is about to take an exam in chemistry that covers all chapters covered in the course.Plus,chemistry is her hardest subject.Right before taking the exam,Mary says to herself,"I just know I am going to do poorly on this exam.This class is so difficult and it is too much material to learn." What is the possible benefit of Mary's self-disparaging statement?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is preparing her for a possible failure on the exam.
B)   It is helping her learn from her own mistakes.
C)   It is helping her accept who she is presently.
D)   It is preparing her for understanding that her instructor does not like her.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

Accepted Answer

A)   individualism.
B)   a negative self-concept.
C)   self-transcendence.
D)   acceptance.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 4

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Accepted Answer

A)   reciprocal determinism.
B)   self-serving bias.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   defensive self-esteem.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 5

Reporting whatever thoughts come to mind even if they are trivial or embarrassing,is characteristic of

Accepted Answer

A)   defense mechanisms.
B)   schemas.
C)   free association.
D)   the inferiority complex.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

The theory that would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Jung.
B)   Alfred Adler.
C)   Karen Horney.
D)   Sigmund Freud.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Self-esteem refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the sum total of all our thoughts about ourselves.
B)   our concept of what we would like to be.
C)   our feelings of high or low self-worth.
D)   all of these characteristics.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes Jung's notion of archetypes?

Accepted Answer

A)   Each person is motivated to overcome the weaknesses in his or her particular archetype.
B)   Each person inherits mental images that reflect universal human themes.
C)   Each person develops a strong sense of competence in a particular skill or area of knowledge,which becomes that person's archetype.
D)   A person's personality or archetype is shaped by his or her upbringing.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 9

We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   individualism.
B)   trait heritability.
C)   self-efficacy.
D)   situational influences.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

Accepted Answer

A)   factor analysis.
B)   the self-serving bias.
C)   expressive styles.
D)   the spotlight effectE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

According to trait theorists,________ are clusters of behavior tendencies that occur together.

Accepted Answer

A)   traits
B)   factors
C)   concepts
D)   dimensionsE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 12

Six-year-old Terrance has been watching his favorite cartoon while his father prepares dinner.When the cartoon is over,Terrance asks his father for a new toy fire truck and for sugary cereal for breakfast tomorrow.A psychologist might say that Terrance asked for these things because of the ________ by the toy and cereal commercials he saw while watching the cartoon.

Accepted Answer

A)   schemas
B)   implicit memories
C)   projection
D)   primingE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

According to Freud's theory,the behavior of a newborn is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)   the reality principle.
B)   the ego.
C)   the superego.
D)   the id.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

A personality inventory that uses only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is a(n) ________ test.

Accepted Answer

A)   factor analytic
B)   self-esteem
C)   reciprocal determinism
D)   empirically derivedE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 15

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events.This best illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   the false consensus effect.
B)   repression.
C)   unconscious thought.
D)   identification.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 16

The importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences is of most central importance to

Accepted Answer

A)   humanistic theories.
B)   psychodynamic theories.
C)   social-cognitive theories.
D)   trait theories.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 17

Projection refers to the process by which people

Accepted Answer

A)   consciously express feelings that are the opposite of underlying unconscious impulses.
B)   disguise unacceptable unconscious impulses by attributing them to others.
C)   retreat to behavior patterns characteristic of a more infantile stage of development.
D)   offer self-justifying explanations in place of real,but unacceptable,unconscious reasons for action.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 18

According to Freud,repression is the

Accepted Answer

A)   process of storing new information in the preconscious mind.
B)   process of banishing from the conscious mind memories,thoughts,and feelings that produce anxiety.
C)   lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage of development.
D)   use of hypnosis to uncover unconscious,painful memories and replace them with more pleasant memories.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving.She prefers to be around other people most of the time.She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

Accepted Answer

A)   openness.
B)   individualism.
C)   extraversion.
D)   conscientiousness.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Derek is a third-grade teacher who believes that he should accept his students regardless of their behavioral shortcomings.Derek's attitude toward his students is an example of Carl Rogers' concept of

Accepted Answer

A)   the ideal self.
B)   unconditional positive regard.
C)   the reality principle.
D)   self-actualization.E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Exam 13: Personality

According to Freud,repression is the

Correct Answer
verified

The importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences is of most central importance to

Correct Answer
verified

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

Correct Answer
verified

Projection refers to the process by which people

Correct Answer
verified

Self-esteem refers to

Correct Answer
verified

According to Freud,the component of personality that seeks to reconcile the demands of the id,superego,and reality is the

Correct Answer
verified

According to Freud's theory,the behavior of a newborn is controlled by

Correct Answer
verified

We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements best describes Jung's notion of archetypes?

Correct Answer
verified

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving.She prefers to be around other people most of the time.She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

Correct Answer
verified

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

Correct Answer
verified

A personality inventory that uses only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is a(n) ________ test.

Correct Answer
verified

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct Answer
verified

Reporting whatever thoughts come to mind even if they are trivial or embarrassing,is characteristic of

Correct Answer
verified

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Derek is a third-grade teacher who believes that he should accept his students regardless of their behavioral shortcomings.Derek's attitude toward his students is an example of Carl Rogers' concept of

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The theory that would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity was proposed by

Correct Answer
verified

According to trait theorists,________ are clusters of behavior tendencies that occur together.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Personality

According to Freud,repression is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The importance of unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences is of most central importance to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The stability of personality traits is best illustrated by the consistency of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Projection refers to the process by which people

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-esteem refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud,the component of personality that seeks to reconcile the demands of the id,superego,and reality is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud's theory,the behavior of a newborn is controlled by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements best describes Jung's notion of archetypes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sheryl is very outgoing and fun-loving.She prefers to be around other people most of the time.She most clearly ranks high on the Big Five trait dimension known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carl Rogers suggested that those who fall far short of their ideal self experience

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A personality inventory that uses only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is a(n) ________ test.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Subliminal stimuli can briefly prime our responses to subsequent events.This best illustrates the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reporting whatever thoughts come to mind even if they are trivial or embarrassing,is characteristic of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Derek is a third-grade teacher who believes that he should accept his students regardless of their behavioral shortcomings.Derek's attitude toward his students is an example of Carl Rogers' concept of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The theory that would most likely predict that boys raised without a father figure will have difficulty developing a strongly masculine gender identity was proposed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to trait theorists,________ are clusters of behavior tendencies that occur together.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified