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Which of the following established GAAP?


A) The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants
B) The American Institute of Auditors
C) The Financial Accounting Standards Board
D) The American Accounting and Auditing Standards Board
E) The Federal Accounting Standards Board

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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C

"Wedding Plans." Selena, a certified public accountant, is hired by Bob to do an audit on his business. He tells her that the audit results will be used by him in an attempt to obtain a $10,000 loan, probably from ABC Bank. Later, however, Bob changes his mind and uses the approved financial statements from Selena to get a loan for $100,000 from XYZ Bank. On the same day that she was hired by Bob, Selena, who specializes in reviewing financial statements for companies seeking loans, was approached by Carl who asked her to review his financial statements so that he could get a loan for $10,000 from an unspecified bank. Selena approved the statements, and he got a loan from ABC Bank. Additionally, Alice requested that Selena review her financial statements so that she could get a loan of $25,000 from a rich uncle. Selena is a bit uneasy about Alice because she believes that Alice is somewhat untrustworthy. Therefore, Selena requires that Alice agree in writing that the report will be transmitted only to the uncle, not to any other potential lenders. Selena approved the financial statements but, in fact, Alice uses the approved statements to get a loan for $25,000 from XYZ Bank. During the time that she had set aside to audit and review the financial statements of Bob, Carl, and Alice, Selena was also preparing for her wedding. She was engaged in choosing menus, dress fittings, and parties. All of this negatively affected her work and she negligently approved all financial statements referenced. Unfortunately, Bob, Carl, and Alice ended up defaulting on the loans. The lenders sued Selena. -Under the Restatement Test, as discussed in the case in the text, Bily v. Arthur Young & Co., which of the following is true regarding the action brought by ABC Bank against Selena based upon the loss of funds on Carl's loan?


A) The bank will be able to recover because there was privity of contract.
B) The bank will be able to recover because no more than $10,000 was involved.
C) The bank will be able to recover because Selena was aware of how her work would be used even if she did not know the exact name of the bank involved.
D) The bank will not be able to recover because the identity of the bank was not known to Selena.
E) The bank will not be able to recover unless it can establish that it had dealt with Selena in the past.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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What are the three primary types of liability assessed against accountants under common law?


A) Negligence, breach of contract, and accounting misalignment
B) Breach of contract, fraud, and accounting misalignment
C) Fraud, negligence, and accounting misalignment
D) Breach of contract, negligence, and innocent misrepresentation
E) Negligence, breach of contract, and fraud

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following is fraud without fraudulent intent?


A) Actual fraud
B) Presumed fraud
C) Immaterial fraud
D) Constructive fraud
E) Reliance fraud

F) A) and C)
G) C) and E)

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A plaintiff may only recover under Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 if the plaintiff can establish that the plaintiff purchased securities in an initial public offering.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is true regarding what a plaintiff must do in order to recover damages under the Securities Act of 1933 after purchasing a security covered by a registration statement containing false information or missing information?


A) A plaintiff must prove reliance on the registration statement.
B) A plaintiff must prove privity with the accountant at issue.
C) The plaintiff must establish reliance and privity.
D) The plaintiff must establish reliance on the financial statement, privity with the accountant, and also that the securities were purchased in an initial public offering.
E) The plaintiff does not have to prove reliance on the financial statement nor must the plaintiff prove contractual privity.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The contract entered into with a client when an accountant is hired to perform a task is referred to as a[n] ______________.


A) Accounting contract
B) Accounting and auditing agreement
C) Engagement letter
D) Procurement letter
E) Performance letter

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following are penalties under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act for the willful violation of the section requiring the retention of working papers?


A) There are no penalties because the Sarbanes-Oxley Act does not require the retention of working papers.
B) Accountants may be fined but not imprisoned.
C) Accountants may be fined or imprisoned for up to ten years, but not both.
D) Accountants may be fined, imprisoned for up to ten years, or both.
E) Accountants may be fined, imprisoned for up to five years, or both.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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In the instance of a breach of contract where the accountant, however, completed substantial performance, an accountant is entitled to which of the following?


A) The full amount of the contractually agreed-on fee minus the amount of damages caused by the accountant.
B) The contractually agreed-on fee without any deduction.
C) A reasonable hourly rate.
D) No more than one thousand dollars.
E) Nothing.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following is viewed as a middle ground test in regard to accounting liability to third-party users?


A) The Privity Rule
B) The Near Privity Rule
C) The Restatement Test
D) The Ultramares Rule
E) The Reasonably Foreseeable Users Rule

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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A financial statement is considered ____________ if no, or insubstantial, accounting procedures were used in the compilation of the document.


A) Audited
B) Unaudited
C) Unqualified
D) Qualified
E) Generally accepted

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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"Prenuptial Agreement." Rhonda performed accounting services for Greg's used car business. She had a contract with Greg to the effect that she would audit his books and financial statements for his own use, not for the purpose of obtaining loans. In auditing Greg's business, she developed various notes, calculations, memorandums, and other papers. Candace, Greg's fiancé, approached Rhonda to inquire about Greg's business. Candace and Rhonda had been friends for many years. Rhonda allowed Candace to look at the various notes, calculations, and other papers resulting from her review of Greg's financial statements and other records. Candace told Rhonda that she really needed to investigate Greg because they were thinking of getting married, and she believed he had a legal obligation to disclose the information to her because of negotiations involving a prenuptial agreement. Rhonda agreed and proceeded to discuss Greg's finances with Candace revealing all the information that Greg had disclosed to her. Candace broke up with Greg telling him that after what she discovered from Rhonda, she was concerned that Greg could not support her in the way in which she wanted to become accustomed. Greg was very angry with Rhonda and told her that she was unethical and had violated the accountant-client privilege. -Assuming that Rhonda discussed with Candace confidential communications that she had with Greg, which of the following is true regarding the ethical nature of that communication?


A) Rhonda did not commit an ethical violation in disclosing information to Candace unless there was a state law providing for an accountant-client privilege.
B) Regardless of whether a state law existed providing an accountant-client privilege, federal statutory law deems such conduct unethical.
C) Rhonda did not commit an ethical violation because negotiations regarding a prenuptial agreement were involved.
D) Rhonda committed an ethical violation but only because Candace was not yet married to Greg.
E) Rhonda committed an ethical violation.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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An accountant who commits fraud is liable to those parties he or she reasonably should have foreseen would be injured through a justifiable reliance upon the fraudulent information.

A) True
B) False

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True

When can an accountant be held liable to his or her client for fraud?

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An accountant is liable to his or her cl...

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Which of the following are various documents used and developed during an audit and included notes, calculations, and memorandums?


A) Calculation documents.
B) Working papers.
C) Auditing copies.
D) Accounting memoranda.
E) Client documentation.

F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

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For which of the following does the Securities Exchange Act impose liability?


A) Fraudulent statements made to the SEC.
B) Fraudulent statements made to courts.
C) Fraudulent statements made to a client in connection with performing an audit.
D) Negligence in performing an audit or in the construction of a financial statement.
E) Fraud in performing an audit.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following is true regarding the number of states that have adopted the Restatement Test of accountant liability for negligence to third-parties?


A) None because there is no Restatement test
B) All the states
C) About half the states
D) One-fourth of the states
E) Only a few states

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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C

"Wedding Plans." Selena, a certified public accountant, is hired by Bob to do an audit on his business. He tells her that the audit results will be used by him in an attempt to obtain a $10,000 loan, probably from ABC Bank. Later, however, Bob changes his mind and uses the approved financial statements from Selena to get a loan for $100,000 from XYZ Bank. On the same day that she was hired by Bob, Selena, who specializes in reviewing financial statements for companies seeking loans, was approached by Carl who asked her to review his financial statements so that he could get a loan for $10,000 from an unspecified bank. Selena approved the statements, and he got a loan from ABC Bank. Additionally, Alice requested that Selena review her financial statements so that she could get a loan of $25,000 from a rich uncle. Selena is a bit uneasy about Alice because she believes that Alice is somewhat untrustworthy. Therefore, Selena requires that Alice agree in writing that the report will be transmitted only to the uncle, not to any other potential lenders. Selena approved the financial statements but, in fact, Alice uses the approved statements to get a loan for $25,000 from XYZ Bank. During the time that she had set aside to audit and review the financial statements of Bob, Carl, and Alice, Selena was also preparing for her wedding. She was engaged in choosing menus, dress fittings, and parties. All of this negatively affected her work and she negligently approved all financial statements referenced. Unfortunately, Bob, Carl, and Alice ended up defaulting on the loans. The lenders sued Selena. -Under the Restatement Test, as discussed in the case in the text, Bily v. Arthur Young & Co., which of the following is true regarding whether XYZ Bank can recover against Selena based upon the loan to Bob?


A) XYZ Bank will not be able to recover because it was not in privity with Selena.
B) XYZ Bank will not be able to recover because Selena did not know that Bob planned to get a loan from XYZ Bank.
C) XYZ Bank will not be able to recover $100,000 from Selena because the transaction went from $10,000 to $100,000, increasing materially the audit risk.
D) XYZ Bank will be able to recover from Selena because there was privity of contract.
E) XYZ Bank will be able to recover from Selena only if they have been a client of hers in the past.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following was the result at the Supreme Court level in Matrixx Initiatives Inc., v. Siracusano, the case in the text in which the plaintiffs brought a class action alleging that the defendant violated security laws by failing to release reports that its product Zicam Cold Remedy had been found to result in a loss of smell?


A) That the plaintiffs would not be allowed to proceed because they did not present statistically significant evidence that Zicam caused loss of smell.
B) That the plaintiffs would be allowed to proceed because they sufficiently pled scienter and also presented statistically significant evidence that Zicam caused loss of smell.
C) That under the "total mix" standard, the plaintiffs sufficient pled materiality in regard to the alleged failure to disclose; that plaintiffs sufficiently pled scienter; and that plaintiffs would be allowed to proceed.
D) That under the "total mix" standard, the plaintiffs failed to sufficient plead materiality in regard to the alleged failure to disclose and therefore would not be allowed to proceed.
E) That although under the "total mix" standard, the plaintiffs pled materiality in regard to the alleged failure to disclose, the plaintiffs failed to sufficiently plead scienter and would therefore not be allowed to proceed.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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Which of the following standards is used in applying the reasonably foreseeable users test regarding accountant liability to third-parties?


A) Strict product liability
B) Negligence
C) Fraud
D) Breach of contract
E) Privity

F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

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