Question 1

Some 20th-century authors wrote that the earliest protocells would have to be autotrophs.This concept appears to be

Accepted Answer

A)  correct,since heterotrophs would depend upon eating autotrophs.
B)  correct,since life is not possible without ATP which is only available in living systems.
C)  correct,since glycolysis and fermentation only occur after oxygen is present from photosynthesis.
D)  incorrect,since the primordial soup could contain many preformed food molecules.
E)  incorrect,since glycolysis and fermentation require complex enzymes for catalytic reactions.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of these would have been most likely to develop only after the formation of a true cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  autotroph
B)  heterotroph
C)  protocell
D)  microsphere
E)  proteinoidF) A) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 3

Which stage of viral reproduction takes place when the spikes of the virus bind to a specific receptor molecule on the surface of a host cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment stage
B)  penetration stage
C)  biosynthesis stage
D)  maturation stage
E)  release stageF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

What general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe?

Accepted Answer

A)  small enough that a microscope is required to see them
B)  multicellular
C)  heterotrophic
D)  sexual reproduction
E)  use aerobic respiration for metabolismF) B) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 5

How are the archaea different from bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea show the earliest form of photosynthetic ability.
B)  Bacteria lack the peptidoglycan cell wall found in the archaea.
C)  Archaea have a monolayer of lipids with branched side chains.
D)  Archaea have evolved far more advanced forms of metabolism than bacteria.
E)  Archaea have very delicate plasma membranes compared to more durable bacteria.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 6

Considering the various theories,the energy used in forming organic molecules in the primitive atmosphere could have come from all EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  lightning.
B)  ultraviolet radiation.
C)  heat from volcanoes.
D)  electric spark.
E)  sound.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

Which of the following is considered to be acellular?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacteria
B)  fungi
C)  algae
D)  protozoans
E)  virusesF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 8

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is famous for all but one of the following.Which is the exception?

Accepted Answer

A)  He thought that animals were able to arise spontaneously from inorganic sources.
B)  He was skilled at grinding glass and made improvements in the microscope.
C)  He was the first to see living organisms in a drop of water.
D)  He invented the microscope.
E)  He called the organisms that he saw in a drop of water "wee animals."F) B) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Which type of organism will form endospores when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  viruses
B)  bacteria
C)  algae
D)  protozoans
E)  fungiF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 10

Which type of nutrition is believed to have come first?

Accepted Answer

A)  autotrophic
B)  heterotrophic
C)  aerobic
D)  photosynthetic
E)  catalyticF) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 11

Pathogenic bacteria are becoming increasingly deadly as

Accepted Answer

A)  humans refuse to wash their hands frequently enough.
B)  antibiotic resistance builds when more and more humans take unnecessary antibiotics.
C)  they pick up genes from humans,allowing them to fool human body cells into thinking that they are harmless.
D)  humans lose their natural immunity to many pathogens through lack of exposure.
E)  there are an increasing number of side effects from antibiotics.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

Which statement is NOT true about prion diseases?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prions are believed to cause Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJ
D)  .
B)  Prions lack a nucleus but must form DNA/RNA at some time in order to replicate.
C)  Prions are misshapen proteins that cause other proteins to change shape.
D)  Mad cow disease (BS
E)  is spread by consumption of cattle feed contaminated with prions.
E)  The buildup of these abnormal proteins cause a loss of neurons.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 13

Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They lack mitochondria.
B)  They lack a nucleus but contain DNA.
C)  They reproduce sexually.
D)  They occur in three basic shapes.
E)  They have a single circular chromosome.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D) C

Question 14

Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium pieces that were released from dead bacteria in a process called

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation.
B)  transduction.
C)  conjugation.
D)  infection.
E)  replication.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  The genome may be DNA or RNA.
B)  The nucleic acid may be single or double stranded.
C)  They contain nucleic acid,protein,and mitochondria.
D)  They exhibit host specificity.
E)  They are obligate intracellular parasites.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 16

The organic soup in which the first cell is believed to have arisen probably contained

Accepted Answer

A)  isolated atoms.
B)  bubbling hot gases only.
C)  algae and other microscopic organisms.
D)  amino acids and other organic acids.
E)  nucleic acids and proteins.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C) D

Question 17

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  water vapor (H2O) 
B)  methane (CH4) 
C)  hydrogen (H2) 
D)  oxygen (O2) 
E)  nitrogen (N2) F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

Accepted Answer

A)  the RNA-first hypothesis is impossible.
B)  the protein-first hypothesis is therefore the only plausible hypothesis.
C)  sophisticated enzymes were not present or available to synthesize it.
D)  no natural system could ever generate them.
E)  RNA could not have arisen on its own by chance,but required enzymes to guide the synthesis of nucleotides and nucleic acids.F) B) and D)
G) C) and D) E

Question 19

Compare the domains of Archaea and Eukarya in regards to their features.

Accepted Answer

Feature Archaea Eukarya Nucleu...

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true about a retrovirus?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains a DNA genome before transcription.
B)  It contains the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
C)  It is able to carry out transcription of RNA to DNA.
D)  Viral DNA remains in the host genome.
E)  Can be hidden from the host immune system.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Exam 28: Viruses, bacteria, and Archaea

Some 20th-century authors wrote that the earliest protocells would have to be autotrophs.This concept appears to be

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these would have been most likely to develop only after the formation of a true cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which stage of viral reproduction takes place when the spikes of the virus bind to a specific receptor molecule on the surface of a host cell?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What general feature is necessary to consider an organism a microbe?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How are the archaea different from bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Considering the various theories,the energy used in forming organic molecules in the primitive atmosphere could have come from all EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is considered to be acellular?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek was a Dutch tradesman and scientist who is famous for all but one of the following.Which is the exception?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of organism will form endospores when faced with unfavorable environmental conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which type of nutrition is believed to have come first?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pathogenic bacteria are becoming increasingly deadly as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about prion diseases?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Bacterial cells pick up free pieces of DNA from the medium pieces that were released from dead bacteria in a process called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT true about viruses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The organic soup in which the first cell is believed to have arisen probably contained

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Which of the following kinds of molecules is thought to have been absent from the primitive reducing atmosphere?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fact that a nucleic acid is a very complicated molecule suggests that

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Compare the domains of Archaea and Eukarya in regards to their features.

Correct AnswerverifiedFeature Archaea Eukarya Nucleu...View AnswerShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about a retrovirus?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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D

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E

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Feature Archaea Eukarya Nucleu...
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