Question 1

Which structure releases aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule
B)  proximal convoluted tubule cells
C)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) 
D)  collecting tubule
E)  adrenal cortexF) D) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

An increased amount of ADH leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased amount of urine.
B)  a decreased amount of urine.
C)  no change in the amount of urine.
D)  kidney failure.
E)  a decreased amount of filtrate.F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 3

Since the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs molecules by diffusion,what structure would you expect to find at the microscopic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  microvilli to increase surface area
B)  smooth muscle to stretch as the volume inside increases
C)  numerous mitochondria to allow active transport
D)  loose connective tissue so that liquids can pass through the cells
E)  many neurons to stimulate the cells to reabsorbF) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 4

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  monitoring and maintaining blood pH at about 7.4
B)  regulating blood pressure by regulating salt balance in the blood
C)  elimination of nitrogenous wastes including urea,uric acid,and creatinine
D)  hormone secretion to stimulate red blood cell production and regulate sodium ion levels
E)  production of water from oxygen and bicarbonate ions (HCO3) F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

Question 5

Which of the following would be an indication of kidney failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea in the urine
B)  salts in the urine
C)  uric acid in the urine
D)  large amount of protein in the urine
E)  dilute urineF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

Currently,the one-year survival rate following a kidney transplant is 95-98%.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The prostate gland in older men may block the flow of fluid in the

Accepted Answer

A)  ureter.
B)  urethra.
C)  collecting tubule.
D)  proximal convoluted tubule.
E)  renal vein.F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 8

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it.How many major vessels must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  two: the renal artery and vein
B)  three: the renal artery and vein and one urethra
C)  three: the renal artery and vein and one ureter
D)  four: the renal artery and vein and the ureter and urethra
E)  five: the renal artery and vein,two ureters and one urethraF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

Which of the following structures does not normally contain urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal artery
B)  kidney
C)  ureter
D)  urethra
E)  bladderF) A) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  All three remain in the bloodstream.
B)  All three pass across to the glomerular capsule and are excreted in urine.
C)  All three pass across to the glomerular capsule,but the salt ions are mostly reabsorbed.
D)  Albumin remains in the blood; salt ions and urea are passed across and excreted.
E)  Albumin remains in the blood,salt ions pass across but are reabsorbed,and the urea is passed across and excreted.F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about the role of the respiratory system in maintenance of blood pH is not true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increasing the breathing rate rids the body of hydrogen ions because more carbon dioxide is breathed out.
B)  The respiratory center in the medulla oblongata increases the breathing rate if the hydrogen ion concentration of the blood rises.
C)  The lungs are able to rid the body of a wide variety of acidic and basic substances,thereby directly adjusting the pH of the blood.
D)  Breathing readjusts the proportion of carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions in the blood.
E)  When the buffer system of the blood is overwhelmed by an acidic or basic substance,the respiratory center adjusts the breathing rate to compensate.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 12

The structure which monitors blood pressure in the kidney is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular apparatus.
B)  glomerular (Bowman's) capsule.
C)  juxtanephritic apparatus.
D)  ascending tubule.
E)  renal pelvis.F) D) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 13

What capillaries are enclosed by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular
B)  glomerular
C)  loop of nephron (loop of Henle) 
D)  collecting tubule
E)  pulmonaryF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

The loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary for glucose reabsorption.
B)  creates a low osmotic pressure in the medulla.
C)  creates a high osmotic pressure in the medulla.
D)  creates a low osmotic pressure in the cortex.
E)  creates a high osmotic pressure in the cortex.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 15

An antibiotic such as penicillin that is taken orally is soon excreted in the urine.Since infections last for a short period of time,what is the best strategy for overcoming this continual loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide another oral medication that stops cellular metabolism.
B)  Provide a medication that prevents the filtration of all metabolites in the kidney.
C)  Take a much larger single dose of penicillin.
D)  Take continual doses of penicillin sufficient to maintain it in the bloodstream.
E)  Provide a medication that prevents all reabsorption in the kidneys.F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

The buildup of the products of nucleic acid metabolism can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  gout.
B)  creatinine.
C)  erythropoietin.
D)  renal failure.
E)  urethritis.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 17

Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  before the glomerulus
B)  after passing through the glomerulus but before reaching the loop of nephron
C)  after the loop of nephron
D)  equally viscous at all points in the human body,including the kidney nephrons
E)  in the renal veinF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport.
B)  diffusion.
C)  heat transfer.
D)  hydrogen ion transfer.
E)  pinocytosis.F) B) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 19

Reabsorption of water,nutrients,and required salts occurs in the what part of the nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus
B)  distal convoluted tubule
C)  proximal convoluted tubule
D)  collecting duct
E)  loop of the nephron (loop of Henle) F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 20

On average,a healthy adult human produces 10-20 liters of urine per day.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 16: Urinary System and Excretion

The buildup of the products of nucleic acid metabolism can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The structure which monitors blood pressure in the kidney is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Currently,the one-year survival rate following a kidney transplant is 95-98%.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where would the blood be most viscous (least fluid) as it passes through the kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Albumin is the large protein molecule found in egg white and blood plasma.Table salt dissociates into sodium and chloride ions.Urea is assembled in the liver.In a healthy person,what is the fate of the majority of these molecules as they pass through a nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about the role of the respiratory system in maintenance of blood pH is not true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The physical principle upon which kidney dialysis is based is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since the proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs molecules by diffusion,what structure would you expect to find at the microscopic level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antibiotic such as penicillin that is taken orally is soon excreted in the urine.Since infections last for a short period of time,what is the best strategy for overcoming this continual loss?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What capillaries are enclosed by the glomerular (Bowman's) capsule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be an indication of kidney failure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following structures does not normally contain urine?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The prostate gland in older men may block the flow of fluid in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On average,a healthy adult human produces 10-20 liters of urine per day.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The kidney was one of the first organs to be successfully transplanted because it is so encapsulated and has limited vessels feeding into or out of it.How many major vessels must be cut in transplant surgery for one kidney?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is NOT a function of the urinary system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The loop of the nephron (loop of Henle)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which structure releases aldosterone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reabsorption of water,nutrients,and required salts occurs in the what part of the nephron?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increased amount of ADH leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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