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Washburn Guitars markets its guitars to four distinct market segments.The firm's mass-produced instruments are targeted at


A) first-time buyers.
B) professional musicians.
C) stars and famous musicians.
D) guitar collectors and music aficionados.
E) intermediate-skill players who may become professional musicians.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements regarding pricing objectives is most accurate?


A) Pricing objectives should never change.
B) Pricing objectives may change depending on the financial position of the company.
C) Pricing objectives may change depending upon the relative market share of competitors.
D) Pricing objectives are established exclusively by the marketing department.
E) Pricing objectives are extremely sensitive to even the slightest change in the local economy.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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A company that manages apartments decides to buy 15 new dishwashers at a list price of $550 each as replacements for old dishwashers in a small apartment complex it owns.Because the company is buying more than 10 dishwashers,it is eligible for a $150-per-unit quantity discount.Financing charges total $20 per unit.The company gets $10 per dishwasher for the 15 dishwashers traded in.What is the final price the company will pay for each dishwasher (not the total cost) ?


A) $390
B) $400
C) $410
D) $430
E) $730

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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In Figure 13-4 above,column "D" represents which type of competitive market?


A) pure monopoly
B) oligopoly
C) monopolistic competition
D) pure competition
E) monopolistic oligopoly

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Fixed cost refers to


A) the sum of the expenses of the firm that vary directly with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold.
B) the total expense incurred by a firm in producing and marketing a product,which equals the sum of overhead cost and variable cost.
C) the sum of the expenses of the firm that are stable and do not change with the quantity of a product that is produced and sold.
D) the average amount of money received for selling one unit of a product or simply the price of that unit.
E) the change in expenses that results from producing and marketing one additional unit of a product.

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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In the process of setting price,a marketer must first identify pricing objectives and constraints.Next,in Step 2,three specific estimates are necessary.What are they?

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The three key items in Step 2 ...

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A graphic presentation of the break-even analysis that shows when total revenue and total cost intersect to identify profit or loss for a given quantity sold is referred to as a __________.


A) Gantt chart
B) demand curve
C) ROI analysis
D) cross-tabulation
E) break-even chart

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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The marketing director for a(n) __________ is most likely to believe the following statement,"The purpose of advertising is to increase demand for the product class."


A) oligopolist competitor
B) monopolistic competitor
C) pure competition competitor
D) pure monopolist competitor
E) competitive oligopolist competitor

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Demand factors refer to


A) the number of consumers who can afford to purchase a product or service.
B) the price that should be charged for a given product.
C) consumers' willingness and ability to pay for products and services.
D) the number of consumers who want to purchase a product.
E) the number of consumers who can purchase a product.

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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Which of the following statements regarding a market share pricing objective is MOST ACCURATE?


A) A market share objective is often difficult for product managers since stockholders are looking for immediate dividends (return of profits) .
B) Although increased market share is a primary goal of some firms,others see it as a means to other ends,such as increased sales or profits.
C) Selecting market share as a pricing objective is particularly effective if industry sales are rising.
D) An advantage of market share as a pricing objective is that it is particularly insensitive to competitors' actions.
E) Ironically,a market share objective is realized by raising prices in order to increase consumer confidence during the decline stage of a product's life cycle.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Which pricing constraint does the following statement demonstrate: "Most public utilities must petition regulatory commissions in order to obtain a rate increase."?


A) demand for the product,class,or brand
B) newness of product in the life cycle
C) costs of production
D) type of competitive market
E) single product versus a product line

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Small regional producers selling grocery products have a special problem because they need to set prices at which both they and their channel members can profit while


A) competing with other brands to gain valuable space on supermarket shelves.
B) still maintaining local customer loyalty.
C) trying to go head-to-head or steal market share from nationally recognized brands.
D) keeping other regional businesses from entering the market.
E) avoiding cannibalization if they sell their product both in stores and online.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Walmart lies on the border between __________.


A) oligopoly and pure monopoly
B) monopolistic competition and pure monopoly
C) pure competition and monopolistic competition
D) monopolistic competition and oligopoly
E) pure competition and pure monopoly

F) None of the above
G) A) and C)

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Three different objectives relate to a firm's profit,which have different implications for pricing strategy.The three profit-oriented objectives include __________,managing current profit,and achieving a target return.


A) accumulating profits
B) managing for long-run profits
C) reinvesting profits
D) redistributing profits
E) maximizing gross margin

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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A firm's profit objective is often measured in terms of ROI.The acronym ROI stands for __________.


A) risk opportunity investment
B) revised organizational incentives
C) return on investment
D) regulated organizational investments
E) replenishment of organizational inventories

F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

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The break-even point for a large grain farming operation was calculated to be 2 million bushels of corn.Break-even analysis would take place during which step of the price-setting process?


A) identify pricing objectives and constraints
B) determine cost,volume,and profit relationships
C) estimate demand and revenue
D) select an approximate price level
E) make special adjustments to list or quoted price

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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In Figure 13-10 above,which is a break-even chart that depicts a graphic presentation of a break-even analysis for a picture frame store,the orange/red-shaded area "FBE" represents the firm's


A) fixed costs.
B) break-even point.
C) variable costs.
D) profit.
E) total revenue.

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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Figure 13-2 above represents the six steps in setting price.Which letter represents the step where a firm would conduct a break-even analysis?


A) "A"
B) "B"
C) "C"
D) "D"
E) "E"

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Marketing executives must translate estimates of customer demand into estimates of


A) personnel.
B) advertising expenditures.
C) ancillary product support.
D) revenues the firm expects to receive.
E) supply.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Most consumers realize that the quality of diamonds varies,and most believe the higher the price of a diamond,the higher its quality.This is an example of price influencing the perception of overall quality,and therefore __________ to consumers.


A) acceptable cost
B) perceptual investment
C) barter potential
D) return on investment
E) value

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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