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Promotional expenses at the maturity stage of the product life cycle are often designed to __________.


A) convince those who have abandoned the brand to try it again
B) maintain market share
C) create a sense of nostalgia
D) attract more price conscious consumers
E) thwart the growing number of competitors that have entered the market

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Managers often use two special indexes to help identify strong and weak market segments in order to provide direction for marketing efforts.The two indexes,CDI and BDI,stand for __________.


A) comprehensive demographic inventory and brand designation information
B) consumer demographic index and buyer demographic inventory
C) category development index and brand development index
D) consumer development index and brand development inventory
E) category development index and buyer development inventory

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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There are several factors why a consumer would be reluctant to adopt a new product.For example,a consumer might be reluctant to adopt a new product because of a value barrier,which occurs when __________.


A) there are physical,economic,or social risks
B) there are cultural differences
C) the financial commitment is too great
D) there is no incentive to change
E) the product is not consistent with existing habits

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Proctor and Gamble repositioned its Old Spice anti-perspirant brand from a deodorant your grandfather might use to a strong,hip anti-perspirant through commercials that showed the target market of 18- to 30-year-old men advocating its use.P&G used this product repositioning strategy with its Old Spice brand anti-perspirant to __________.


A) react to a competitor's position
B) catch a rising trend
C) change the value offered
D) diversify its product portfolio.
E) reach a new market

F) B) and D)
G) C) and D)

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A __________ product is a style of the times.


A) high-learning
B) low-learning
C) fashion
D) fad
E) substitute

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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All of the following are multiproduct branding strategies EXCEPT:


A) co-branding
B) product line extensions
C) multibranding
D) brand extensions
E) subbranding

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Define brand equity.List the four sequential steps used to develop brand equity.Which step is the most difficult?

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Brand equity is the added value a brand ...

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Thirty-six percent of sales at supermarkets in the United Kingdom carry the stores' own brand names.Eighteen percent of all supermarket sales in France and Germany carry the stores' own brand names.And in the U.S. ,14 percent carry the stores' own brand names.These stores use a __________ strategy to sell other manufacturers products with their own brand names.


A) generic branding
B) multibranding
C) co-branding
D) multiproduct branding
E) private branding

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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As product adopters,members of the late majority


A) have a fear debt and use neighbors and friends as information sources.
B) are skeptical and have below average social status.
C) are deliberate and use many informal social contacts.
D) are leaders in social settings and have a slightly above average education.
E) are venturesome,highly educated,and use multiple information sources.

F) B) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Subbranding involves __________.


A) having one firm manufacture a product and a second firm distribute it all under the same name
B) changing a brand name of a product line extension product by making it "New and Improved!"
C) combining a corporate brand with a new brand to distinguish a part of its product line from others
D) creating a "knock-off" version of a product and changing the spelling of the name (chicken to "chikin" as is the case with Chick-Fil-A)
E) using the same name for the original product and all subsequent product line and brand extensions

F) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

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When a product reaches the decline stage of the product life cycle,a firm has two choices.One choice involves product deletion-dropping it from a firm's product line.The other is called __________,which retains the product in the product line but reduces marketing costs.


A) reaping
B) paring down
C) divesting
D) milking
E) harvesting

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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Which of the following statements regarding warranties is MOST ACCURATE?


A) Limited-coverage warranties are required for all manufactured products but not for services.
B) Full warranties are required for all products and services regardless of the size of the firm.
C) Warranties protect consumers but have limited benefits to producers.
D) Warranties benefit producers through enhanced reputations.
E) Warranties are relatively unimportant in light of product liability claims.

F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

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All of the following are true about a skimming pricing strategy when used during the introduction stage of the product life cycle EXCEPT:


A) it capitalizes on the price insensitivity of early buyers.
B) its profit margins may be high.
C) it encourages "me too" entrants into the market.
D) it recovers the R&D costs of the new offering.
E) it helps build unit volume.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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When Coca-Cola promoted Coke as a morning beverage for those consumers who don't drink coffee,it used a __________ strategy.


A) product modification
B) brand modification
C) market-product extension
D) diversification
E) market modification

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The black apple image above with a bite taken out of it that appears on every Apple product is an example of a __________.


A) copyright
B) trade name
C) trade mark
D) logotype
E) label

F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

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During the introduction stage of the product life cycle,the place (distribution) element of the marketing mix is highly involved with __________.


A) increasing inventory levels at warehouses and distribution centers to meet potential demand
B) gaining as many retail distribution outlets as possible,even though many will be reluctant to carry the new product
C) using an intermodal logistics system to get the products through the marketing channel as quickly as possible
D) building storage warehouses and distribution centers to establish an efficient infrastructure for the new product
E) obtaining contracts with independent sales agents and brokers instead of using the firm's salesforce

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Ralston Purina advertises with the following slogan: "Your Pet,Our Passion-Premium Pet Food by Purina." The firm now offers high quality,super-premium cat and dog food based on formulations that promote "life stage nutrition." This line is an example of __________.


A) rebranding
B) trading up
C) trading down
D) trend setting
E) product branding

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following barriers does downsizing try to combat when consumers will adopt a new product or repurchase an existing one?


A) risk barriers
B) usage barriers
C) feature bloat barriers
D) psychological barriers
E) value barriers

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Which of the following is an example of a product in the decline stage of the product life cycle?


A) analog TVs
B) smartphones
C) 3D HDTVs
D) soft drinks
E) tablet devices

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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People who tried a product,were satisfied,and bought it again are called __________ purchasers.


A) replicate
B) recurring
C) recursive
D) die-hard
E) repeat

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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