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A reference group to which a person actually belongs is referred to as a(n) __________ group.


A) primary
B) associative
C) aspiration
D) dissociative
E) integrated

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Enlightened carmakers have hired women designers,engineers,and marketing executives to better understand the way women decide to buy new cars.They learned that


A) meeting the expectations of men during the new-car purchasing process was more difficult than meeting those of women.
B) men make the majority of new-car purchasing decisions.
C) women and men think differently about the new-car buying experience.
D) women care more about quality than men.
E) men care more about price than women.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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Research shows that consumer socialization with respect to brand preferences begin at


A) the age of two.
B) the age of five when their cognitive skills have developed to understand the concept of money.
C) the age of thirteen when they become teenagers,when they can understand the responsibility involved in saving money to be able to consume products and services.
D) the age of eighteen when they become college students,living outside their parents' home for the first time and being responsible for their purchase decisions.
E) never fully develop because most people,regardless of age,change their brand preferences many times during their lifetimes.

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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In Figure 5-1 above,"E" represents which stage of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) purchase decision
B) information search
C) financial transaction
D) alternative evaluation
E) postpurchase behavior

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Personality refers to


A) the attitudes that determine how people spend their time and resources and what they consider important.
B) the way people see themselves and others.
C) the process by which an individual selects,organizes,and interprets information to create a meaningful ideal self.
D) a person's consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations.
E) those qualities that either attract or repel other members of a person's personal,social,or professional environment.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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Making connections between two or more ideas or simply observing the outcomes of others' behaviors and adjusting one's own behavior accordingly is known as what type of learning?


A) stimulus discrimination
B) cognitive learning
C) attitudinal learning
D) stimulus generalization
E) behavioral learning

F) A) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Which list below presents the Maslow hierarchy of needs in its correct order,beginning with the lowest level need and moving up to the highest level need?


A) personal,social,physiological,psychological,and safety
B) physiological,safety,social,personal,and self-actualization
C) safety,physiological,safety,self-actualization,and personal
D) self-actualization,social,safety,physiological,and personal
E) safety,personal,self-actualization,physiological,and social

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Most people already know that Tums,a popular antacid,contains calcium.Today,Tums antacid stresses both the benefits of the antacid itself and the fact that Tums can be used as a calcium supplement.The new promotion involves changing consumers' attitudes toward Tums by


A) changing beliefs about the extent to which Tums has a specific attribute.
B) changing the perceived importance of a specific attribute.
C) adding a new attribute.
D) reducing the perceived risk.
E) providing stimulus generalization to prospective buyers.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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The family life cycle concept describes the distinct phases a family progresses through from __________,each phase bringing with it identifiable purchasing behaviors.


A) formation to retirement
B) birth to death
C) the birth of children to retirement
D) the birth of children until they leave home
E) marriage to retirement unless a divorce,separation,or death occurs

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Compare and contrast routine problem solving,limited problem solving,and extended problem solving.Give an example of when each might be used.

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There are three general variations in th...

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Ruth,who has no children,wants to buy a special baby gift for her best friend's baby shower,which is this evening.Since she won't have any time between work and the baby shower,she must go today during her lunch break.She is planning on taking her sister with her to help make the selection.Ruth knows she will be ready to buy every baby-oriented product she sees because she wishes that she too was having a baby.Identify each of the situational influences that are described above.Which situational influence was not described?

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The purchase of a special baby gift for ...

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A learned predisposition to respond to an object or class of objects in a consistently favorable or unfavorable way is referred to as a(n) __________.


A) attitude
B) belief
C) value
D) motivation
E) perception

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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All of the following are marketing strategies designed to reduce consumers' perceived risk and encourage purchases EXCEPT:


A) securing endorsements from influential people.
B) providing warranties and guarantees.
C) providing free trials of the product.
D) giving extensive usage instructions.
E) using subliminal advertising.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Popularity created by consumer word of mouth is called __________.


A) hype
B) buzz
C) propaganda
D) tweet
E) spin

F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

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VALS creates profiles of people based on their primary motivation and resources.In the VALS framework above,"A" refers to


A) Ideals.
B) Achievement.
C) Self-Expression.
D) Survivors.
E) Innovators.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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You have determined you want to buy an advanced hybrid vehicle,and a visit to Ford's website has revealed that the Ford Fusion Hybrid SE uses hybrid fuel technology with the latest in lithium-ion battery technology.You are currently in which stage of the consumer purchase decision process for this type of automobile?


A) problem recognition
B) needs analysis
C) purchase decision
D) information search
E) postpurchase evaluation

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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In 31% of households,__________ are the primary grocery shoppers,though they may not be the grocery decision makers.


A) teenagers
B) extended family members
C) paid help
D) children of any age
E) men

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Self-concept refers to


A) the degree to which a person is influenced by situational influences.
B) the need for personal fulfillment.
C) the way people see themselves and the way they believe others see them.
D) the degree to which a person trusts his or her own judgment in a purchase situation.
E) the way people see others and the way they believe others see other people.

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements about how women buy cars today is most accurate?


A) Women are more concerned with features that would help survive an accident;men are more concerned with features that would help avoid an accident.
B) Women have definite likes or dislikes when buying a car,but they don't feel comfortable expressing their opinions.
C) When it comes to the actual purchase process,women are more adept negotiators than men.
D) Women care more about exterior styles and lines and men are more concerned with cargo space and gas mileage.
E) Women usually shop one dealership before making a decision and men usually shop three.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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In Figure 5-1 above,"B" represents which stage of the consumer purchase decision process?


A) purchase decision
B) information search
C) problem recognition
D) alternative evaluation
E) financial consideration

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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